Foreign Affairs Essay Contest Example For Students

Remote Affairs Essay Contest With the start of an apparently interminable war on psychological warfare, and a flimsy United States economy, presently scarcely appears an opportunity to look at our general arrangement towards every single other country, and creating countries specifically. The destruction of the World Trade Center is as yet seething, and our soldiers are walking on Kabul as I compose. Patriotism is at a stature just recently experienced during the World Wars. Each and every other vehicle you see on the roadway has Old Glory gladly flying in their window or on their recieving wire, some privilege close to their Rebel Flag. On a superficial level it shows up the United States has arranged for one progressively noble purpose, and malicious, or those that contradict the US as they are generally called, will clearly fall. We wont represent guiltless assaults on regular citizens, and those doomed Afghanis and Osama container Laden would be wise to stow away. On the off chance that you dont accept this, not exclusively are you un-American, however you should be a damn fear based oppressor yourself. Discreetly, in any case, the contention is being made among researchers and free scholars in the United States that maybe we are not simply the honest casualties we depict to be in the September 11, 2001 pulverization of the World Trade Center. Some ground breaking minds even anticipated a disaster fairly like this, yet not on such an enormous scope. Unenlightened individuals inquire as to why something like this could or would happen. What might make such a poor and flimsy nation like Afghanistan chooses to confront the all-powerful United States? The appropriate response isn't a simple one, and requires a huge change in what we expect in outside relations, and how we see and treat the remainder of the world in general. The United States is one of the final super powers of the world, and we have the commitment to keep up and bolster great relations with the littler and more fragile cou ntries all through the world. We should exploit this relationship in a few unique manners, all without abusing the first people groups or our own capacity. First the U.S. must concentrate on contributing and exchanging with those countries who still can't seem to become financial forces. Second, we should actualize a reliable international strategy towards the Middle Eastern countries, and all underdeveloped countries by and large. Third, the United States needs to regard the endeavors and consequences of the democratization and strict restorations in the Middle East and Latin America, while playing a latent job in letting the a Western kind of majority rule government follow through to its logical end. Fourth, the U.S. must simplicity and make light of its contention with those civic establishments that despise the Western individuals and their lifestyle. Clearly, remote venture is essential for the eventual fate of creating different countries just as our own. There must be an acc entuation on remote venture and exchange, in any case the underdeveloped countries will keep on falling behind financially, innovatively, and locally, which could prompt a monetary destruction for the U.S. also. The inquiry at that point emerges regarding what the United States must do so as to have enormous exchange concurrences with different nations other than Japan and Mexico. All together for the U.S. to assume an increasingly dynamic job in the monetary and political advancement of a large number of these creating countries, it should initially acknowledge an unexpected way of thinking in comparison to its present one. To start with, it is basic for the United States to assume a comparable job in Latin America to the one Japan has played with a considerable lot of the creating countries in East Asia. The U.S. neighbors Latin America, and on the off chance that it needs to assume the job of elder sibling, it must acknowledge the obligation. Japan has contributed, exchanged, and been a guide for a significant number of its neighboring nations in East Asia, causing them to develop strategically and monetarily while likewise benefitting financially itself (Japan Remains 1996). The U.S. must understand that the economies of Latin American Nations will have a significant impact later on for our own economy, and that it must start to lead, contribute, and help Mexico, however nations, for example, Peru, Argentina, Bolivia, and Columbia into the twenty first century. The backbone in American international strategy has consistently been to advance and impart majority rule government. Be that as it may, so as to do this in a remote country, the U.S. must have the option to initially build up a reasonable monetary relationship and framework inside the ideal countries. We ought not expect or need a country to change from a complete tyrant government to a market economy; doing so would be a calamity. The United States lays a lot on its ideological convictions, when t here is no compelling reason to do as such. Outside nations look for our capital and exchange courses, not our ethics and culture. We, shockingly, don't feel this is the situation. The US has customarily required win big or bust, with respect to requests on forthcoming exchange accomplices, and political partners. The United States position towards Cuba is a prominent case of this way of thinking. Rather, the U.S. must be happy to permit creating to countries put resources into U.S. showcases before we put resources into theirs, paying little heed to philosophy. Consequently, a practical fare/import framework will be built up. Yet, it is basic that the economy of the creating country be observed and run by its own administration, and the United States should just be there for prompting purposes. At the point when a sensible framework has at last been accomplished, thennot right awaya increasingly American, free enterprise sort of financial system will be permitted to develop. On the off chance that the best test the United States faces is executing an international strategy that is predictable all through the Middle East, weve never really shoot ourselves in he foot up until this point. Islamic countries arent prone to be receptive to thoughts, for example, human rights, and majority rule government. These countries will never be receptive to western thoughts when the United States keeps on exacting authorizations against them. The U.S. is fortunate that it has a partner in Saudi Arabia and Israel, permitting them to actualize a considerable lot of these international strategy plans against the other Middle Eastern nations, without confronting genuine financial outcomes in the oil and gas industry. Strangely however, Saudi Arabia is most likely as much against western philosophies as any country in the Middle East. Ladies don't have equivalent rights, torment is visit, there is no division among chapel and state, and Saudi Arabia is amazingly a long way from b uilding up any kind of popular government (Miller 58). Presently, when the U.S. advances majority rules system and human rights, for what reason does it bolster one nation and censure the following? All through the Cold War, American international strategy would offer guide to any country who contradicts socialism. So during that time the U.S. built up a youre either with us or against us kind of strategy, non-arrangement. With this strategy, a significant number of the Middle Eastern nations turned out to be alleged foes with the U.S., which has prompted agitation and contempt of western majority rules systems. In this season of worldwide financial matters, the United States can't single out which nations to put resources into. All together for the U.S. to vanquish the difficulties it faces in the Middle East, it must beginning by supporting the whole Middle East. Israel and Saudi Arabia might be the most appealing offers, however Syria and even Iran have tremendous assets that wil l be truly significant to our economy in the future.Of course we can't disregard our dear companions off the shore of Miami, Cuba. What edge does a nation like China hold over Cuba other than size? Nothing other than a bigger wellspring of modest work. Our present position on Cuba was right in 1962. Castro was to be sure a socialist, however simply after the US, who he went to first, wouldn't support him. In 2001, in any case, it appears to be evident that Castro has metamorphisized into something different. Castro has done a practically complete 180 in his political way of thinking, and some would contend that Cuba is just about a popular government as of now. In the event that we lifted our inadequate embargoes and opened the exchange lines Cuba, I see no motivation behind why Castro would not open his general public significantly more. Americans are passing up an opportunity to change Cuba, both monetarily and strategically. We get the opportunity to reconstruct a whole economy f rom the beginning, and we should simply put resources into it. These open doors are not theoretical either, however genuine as evident to different nations like Canada and the Europeans. Every other person on the planet knows this as of now since they have made the essential mentality alterations and are in there focusing in and getting their hands filthy. Castro realizes that he cannot carry out this responsibility of changing his whole structure himself, and it won't be long until he discovers somebody to assist that with willing in all likelihood not be good for the US. It occurred before when the US denied him and he went to the USSR, there is no motivation behind why we should let it happen once more. As the alleged pioneer of the free world we should know better. All the US does is lecture about the significance of dependability and free market frameworks, and the requirement for vote based system. With a model like we are setting, for what reason would it be a good idea for a nyone to follow? For what reason would it be a good idea for us to make every effort to guarantee neither gets by in Cuba? Its time and has been for quite a while to bite the bullet and concede we weren't right. The remainder of the free world definitely knows it. They sit in their Cuban financed workplaces, smoking huge Cuban stogies snickering at our pomposity and us. (Smith)Next, the United States must react to the issues of democratization and strict restoration in the Middle East and Latin America. In the Middle East, there is by all accounts the idea that endeavors at democratization would prompt the destruction of minority rights. As Judith Miller called attention to, The advancement of free races promptly is probably going to prompt the triumph of Islamic gatherings that have no responsibility to popular government in any conspicuous or important structure (Miller 59). What the United States must do is set up an illustrative or parliamentary procedure that perceives all type s of political activity. Just advancing free decisions would prompt a reaction in democratization endeavors. Th

Savior In Gnosticism And Orthodoxy Essay Example For Students

Deliverer In Gnosticism And Orthodoxy Essay I am endeavoring to keep in touch with one sound article talking about inquiries three and two. I propose to initially portray the restricting perspectives on the deliverer in Gnosticismand in Orthodoxy. Besides, I will think about the Valentinian and exemplary Gnosticsin how they contrast and how the Gospel of Truth represents the highlights ofValentinian Gnosticism. The Orthodox view the congregation as an essential mediumbetween the common people and god; they contended that without the congregation and the hierarchyof pastorate, the gathering would not have the option to achieve god all alone. Theysaw the happening to divine beings realm as a strict occasion. They additionally observed itpreposterous thought to isolate the body from human life. That is, they sawJesus as both fragile living creature and soul that were indistinguishable. The Orthodox consideredthe torturous killing of Jesus as a verifiable record. They saw Jesus as a martyrthat yielded his life so we may live. It was accepted that the martyrdomof Jesus takes into consideration the pardoning of sins and guaran tees revival and ourlife everlasting; this penance permitted us to discharge our blame and receiveforgiveness for our wrongdoings. On the matter of what Jesus was, the Gnosticsvehemently couldn't help contradicting the Orthodox Church. Gnostics accepted that Jesus wasmore than a human saint; Gnostics accepted that the Holy Spirit (Christ) andJesus of Nazareth were two separate elements. They felt that Jesus was a man offlesh who, at immersion, got the Holy Spirit and became Christ. They lookedat it just as the soul of Christ was involving the group of Jesus until thecrucifixion, where the soul was transfigured and discharged so we mayattain salvation. Gnostics and the Orthodox Church additionally contended over the point ofthe enduring, or the enthusiasm of Jesus. Gnostics felt that Christ just appearedto endure and pass on, it was the body that endured and when Jesus passed, thespirit was transfigured and discharged. Gnostics and the Orthodox likewise disagreedon the purpose of the presence of God. The Gnostics justified that the god ofthe old confirmation a divine force of creation and discipline was unmistakably a different entityfrom the lord of Jesus, who was an adoring and pardoning god. How could such aloving god connect with us with salvation and pardoning be a similar god whocreated agony, discipline and languishing. The Orthodox trusted in one god,the father all-powerful maker of paradise and earth. Actually this was themajor guarantee of the belief that the conventional Christians broadcasted as part oftheir confidence. Another purpose of contention was the way to achieve salvation. OrthodoxChristians felt it was important to announce, so anyone can hear, their confidence in one god. This was the observing element that permitted them to isolate themselves from theGnostics-who were currently viewed as apostates and a danger to the congregation. Gnosticsbelieved that up to one lived in confidence and held great lead throughouttheir whole life they would accomplish salvation. Gnostics felt their methodology wassuperior to that of the Orthodox Christians on the grounds that even scoundrels couldproclaim the belief, not have confidence in it and still arrive at life unceasing andsalvation. After Jesus kicked the bucket, both Orthodox Christians and Gnostics guaranteed towitness the restoration of Christ. The customary guaranteed that they saw thephysical return of Jesus Christ and communicated the significance of this typeof locating as reality. Gnostics had the conviction that the relationship betweensalvation and themselves was on an increasingly close to home level. Gnostics demanded that itwas just an experience between the observer and the soul of Christ that had been changed. This follows the Gnostics conviction that strict enlightenmentcame from introspect and self-information. When one had accomplished this gnosis theywere viewed as of develop information and an individual from a world class bunch readyto get the mystery information on the soul. Gnostics accepted that theybelonged to the genuine church of a choose rare sorts of people who were commendable; theorthodox Christians would not be spared on the grounds that they were oblivious in regards to reality. Ignatus took the possibility of the dad, child and the Holy Spirit to anextreme. He felt that this equivalent progression was spoken to on earth by theprocession of minister, cleric and elder. Furthermore, just by loving the religious administrator as astand-in for god would they be spared. The Orthodox Church was resolute about theimportance of the pastorate as the medium to god. The Valentinians were a branch ofGnosticism that frequently were not perceived as blasphemers. They rode a fine linebetween the standard and the Gnostics. The Valentinians were unique in relation to therest of the Gnostics since they, similar to the Orthodox Church, broadcasted beliefin one god. The standard accepted that once the Valentinians were in seclusionthat they considered a contention between the well known picture of godas the wellspring of all being. The Orthodox Church was soon increasingly undermined by theValentinians on the grounds that they were apostates whos lessons were practically identi cal to thatof the Orthodox in what they said-yet what they implied was irreverent. TheValentinians resembled the great Gnostics since they couldn't help contradicting theOrthodox Church on the matter of the significance of pastorate in the issue ofattaining a relationship with god. The two of them saw the conversation of god as anoverlying issue to the subject of otherworldly position. They expressed that theOrthodox Church was increasingly worried about the issues of who had more force thanfocusing on the genuine issues. The Orthodox focused on the significance of therelationship between the progression of ministry and the association with the father,son and the Holy Spirit. Forebearing, of the Orthodox Church announced that any personwho defied the intensity of the religious administrator was ungodly and ought to be censured todeath. The Gnostics communicated the significance of fairness in the love. Theyargued that by considering each other as equivalents, there would be lessconc entration on the battle for force and more spotlight on accomplishing information andsalvation. The Gnostics took an extreme situation for the time and it stillemanates today-the situation of ladies in the congregation. The Gnostics permitted womento take an interest in all parts of the love; actually, any one whenever wasallowed to take on the situation of religious administrator. Along these lines, there was no contentions overwho held more force. The Orthodox Church thought this was all out and completeblasphemy. They felt that ladies had no spot in the authority of the congregation. Hazard Taking EssayIgnatus took the possibility of the dad, child and the Holy Spirit to anextreme. He felt that this equivalent chain of command was spoken to on earth by theprocession of minister, cleric and elder. Furthermore, just by revering the diocesan as astand-in for god would they be spared. The Orthodox Church was resolved about theimportance of the pastorate as the medium to god. The Valentinians were a branch ofGnosticism that frequently were not perceived as blasphemers. They rode a fine linebetween the conventional and the Gnostics. The Valentinians were not the same as therest of the Gnostics since they, similar to the Orthodox Church, declared beliefin one god. The customary accepted that once the Valentinians were in seclusionthat they considered a contention between the famous picture of godas the wellspring of all being. The Orthodox Church was soon progressively undermined by theValentinians in light of the fact that they were apostates whos lessons were practica lly identical to thatof the Orthodox in what they said-however what they implied was profane. TheValentinians resembled the great Gnostics since they couldn't help contradicting theOrthodox Church on the matter of the significance of ministry in the issue ofattaining a relationship with god. The two of them saw the conversation of god as anoverlying issue to the topic of profound power. They expressed that theOrthodox Church was progressively worried about the issues of who had more force thanfocusing on the genuine issues. The Orthodox focused on the significance of therelationship between the progression of ministry and the association with the father,son and the Holy Spirit. Forgiving, of the Orthodox Church announced that any personwho defied the intensity of the cleric was ungodly and ought to be denounced todeath. The Gnostics communicated the significance of equity in the love. Theyargued that by considering each other as equivalents, there would be lessconcentration on the b attle for force and more spotlight on accomplishing information andsalvation. The Gnostics took an extreme situation for the time and it stillemanates today-the situation of ladies in the congregation. The Gnostics permitted womento take an interest in all parts of the love; truth be told, any one whenever wasallowed to take on the situation of cleric. Along these lines, there was no contentions overwho held more force. The Orthodox Church thought this was all out and completeblasphemy. They felt that ladies had no spot in the initiative of the congregation. Some portion of the explanation that Gnostics communicated their faith in uniformity was becauseof the way that they saw the connection among Jesus and his devotees. They didn't consider Jesus to be a better than the witnesses. Or maybe, they saw Jesus notas a prophet with the entirety of the appropriate responses, however as a detachment of the data thatshould be sed as an asset and a bouncing off point on their quest for gnosis. The Gospel of Truth is a Christian Gnostic book connected to the Valentinin School. It is an impression of the life and work of Jesus. It mirrors the significanceof Jesus and his works. This work is model of the premise of the ValentinianGnostic development. This content communicated the Valentinian rule that theknowledge of god wrecks numbness. It illuminates the legendary record of thefall of Sophia and considers it the depiction of mistake. This content talks ofJesus fill in as a revealer and an educator. It communicates the point about thesignificance of his demise and restoration of his soul and its association toour salvation. It deciphers the occasion of Jesus demise as a disclosure of theessence of the Father and the Origins of mankind inside him. Through thisinsight, the forces are overc

Designing a Calculator with FSM Logic

Designing a Calculator with FSM Logic My friend Robert V. 20 is a Course 6-3 (Computer Science) sophomore, the MIT African Students Associations webmaster, and has TAd an interesting IAP class called 6.148, a web development class and competition. Hes a really smart guy, and I found out about this cool post he put up on Medium and asked if I could reformat it and post it to the blogs. Robert is passionate about web design and development, and is also really great at teaching. Hes always the first person that many of our Course 6 freshman friends reach out to for help in their introductory courses. Robert lives in Maseeh Hall, was born in Goma and grew up in Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. I hope you enjoy his post as much as I did!   As far as I can tell, making a calculator is a classic first time programmer’s challenge. So, as I was helping some of my fellow underclassmen learn web dev, I suggested making a calculator! For best practice purposes, I also suggested starting off with brainstorming: First, we design how this calculator is going to work, Then, we can implement code for this, And finally, we can make it pretty As we were brainstorming, we naturally through that a coherent design logic for our calculator would be a finite state machine (FSM)! WAIT. What’s a Finite State Machine (FSM)? NOTE: If you’re familiar with FSMs, you can skip this section entirely. An FSM is a mathematical objects made of states, state transitions, and inputs. FSMs are widely used in computer science and engineering to model the behaviors of machines. At any given time, an FSM has one state and can receive inputs. Based on those inputs, the FSM can change both state (through state transitions) and interval variables of the FSM. HERE’S AN EXAMPLE: The state machine of the human body. A very simplified human body has 2 states: hungry and full. When humans are hungry, they need food in order to get back to being in the full state, and at the same time, they may become happy  when they get food. Becoming happy in this case would be an internal variable of the state machine, and eating would be an input. Then, humans use all their energy (the other input) which makes them hungry again. They could become SAD too. So, inputs essentially lead to state change in a state machine. Here’s what this simple human body state machine would look like when graphically represented: Ok, let me show you another example! You’re about to see an FSM that you’re very familiar with but that was just never called an FSM: the state of matter. Right, isn’t that cool? We learn this in high school, but they never call it that way. Anyway, this state machine has 4 states: PLASMA, GAS, SOLID, LIQUID. There are transitions from states to states, which are inputs that are either caused by nature or by humans. Internal states of this state machines could be, for example, the boiling temperature of the given matter, the name of the given matter, etc. Why Are (Finite) State Machines Important? They provide us with a very systematic way of modelling anything that can happen in real life (such as state of matter). Based on state machines, we can easily use mathematics to derive both properties of those machines. State machines are widely used in probabilistic applications, such as modelling the motion of a robot looking for a reward located somewhere the robot does not know using Markov Random Process (which is also a subset of state machines). State machines also allow to naturally and easily expand our model (both through the design and through code). For example, in the human body, we could add another state, not full / not hungry, where the human person could be feeling meh. To add that, we simple create a new state and add some transitions to it. Of course, there are times when other models are better, but state machines work best for certain kinds of applications. Finally, if you’re more interested, here’s an article on embeddedrelated.com by Jason Sacks that goes over a lot more details that I did. If you find this interesting, you will love that article. Back to Calculators Later on, we decided to use the iPhone’s calculator to identify all the possible states in our calculator state machine simply by playing around doing multiple arithmetic computations. And… It quickly turned out to be much more complicated than I thought. Here’s some thought to not using a state machine: Designing a calculator without thinking about all the state machine’s logic is very simple. It works well for most operations, and noticing the imperfections in it can be subtle. However, there are operations that simply do not work well, such as 2 + 4 * 2, which in reality is 2 + (4 * 2) = 10 and can be erroneously evaluated as (2 + 4) * 2 = 12. Another way to design a calculator is one where the user can input expressions, such as 3 * 4, which can be easily evaluated with functions like eval. Not that I am not suggesting using eval (it’s know to be a bad practice); it’s just a quick solution that could help quickly get down to implementing all the UI for the calculator. However, nicely designing a calculator with a correct finite state machine is not that easy. Nevertheless, I decided to pursue this interesting challenge, and this is what I came up with: That looks quite complicated. Let me explain. Note: if you’d like to skip to the end, I posted JavaScript gist code snippet that implements this. The main idea behind a simple calculator is that we receive inputs, and based on those inputs, we make some operations, and if needed, we change the output display on the screen. Inputs may be: numbers (one of 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,.. note that I included the . as a “number”), operations (one of +,-,*,/), equality (i.e. =), or reset (could be C or AC on iPhone. One of them is clear which is same as clear entry and the other is clear all). Then, we can denote the inputs as follows: Operations are OP  for +,-,*,/, OPS for +,-, and OPC for *,/. C for complex, S for simple. Equality is just =. Input numbers may be one of fk, sk, or tk. The k actually stands for the new input’s index for numbers such that a number is a sequence of digit characters f0,f1,f2,,fk-1, and the input makes the number become f0,f1,,fk. For example, in 123, f0=1, f1=2, f2=3 and k-1=2. The input f3=4 will change that number into 1234. The reset button is RES. This is like pressing AC or C on your iPhone’s calculator. Next, I designed the underlying structure of the calculator as blocks of the form: |---|-----|---|-----|---| | F | OP1 | S | OP2 | T | |---|-----|---|-----|---| F stands for “first” as in “first number” OP1 is the first operation S is stands for “second” as in “second number” OP2 is the second operation, and finally T stands for “trailing” as in “trailing number”. By now, you can probably imagine that we’d be doing operations against the first and second number and against the second number against the trailing number, but how are the operations actually made, what do each of those blocks actually mean, and where does the result get stored? Let me explain all of it! The State Logic What we need is to identify all the possible states for this FSM. This is the difficult part. I learned here that this type of calculators try to make the most logical assumption while respecting the rules of mathematics, and it can be beautifully describes with only 7 states! Before diving into these 7 states, first, here’s what the state parameters in a state represent: F - the value of the first number OP1 - the operation between the first and second number S - the value of the second number OP2 - the operation between the second number and trailing number T - the value of the trailing number D - what is displayed on the screen; it can be one of F, S, and T The inputs that I listed above are what will lead to various state transitions. Now, onto the states: STATE 1: INITIAL State So, the initial state looks like: F: 0 OP1: + S: 0 OP2: + T: 0 D: F This is the state we start off with. There’s nothing interesting, and the values that we start with are just zeros and + operations. Pressing RES will take us back to the initial state: it essentially has no effect. YES, self loops are allowed in FSMs. Pressing any number, denoted by fk (which must be equal to f0 for this input coming from the INITIAL state) will take us to the TRANSITION FROM INITIAL state. I will talk about that state next. The number is denoted with lowercase f because it will be filled into the first number F. Note that adding numbers into other blocks will then have to either be sk or tk for block S and block T respectively. Finally, pressing any operation OP will take us to the TRANSITION state. Note that this will change OP1 to become OP, whatever OP may be among +,-,*,/. This state is upcoming as well. STATE 2: TRANSITION FROM INITIAL Let me point out that my naming convention here is a bit weird, but I tried my best to give these states meaningful names. Without further ado, this state looks like this: F: f0...fk-1 OP1: ~OP1 S: ~S OP2: ~OP2 T: ~T D: F Some things to note: I use the ~ notation to denote that the value of this key is whatever the given state key was before (not that it could be that the state key does not match state key, e.g.: S: ~F). Some later states will cause these values to change and not be + or 0 as in the initial state. So, anyway: Pressing RES will take us to TRANSITION FROM INITIAL state (i.e. back to here) if F is not equal to 0. It will clear F (i.e. set it to 0). Pressing RES will take us back to INITIAL state if F = 0. This means all parameters become what they used to be. i.e. F=0, OP1=+, S=0, D=F, OP2=+, T=0. I will show why this is important at the end. Pressing any number fk will take us back to this same state, TRANSITION FROM INITIAL and simply append fk to f0fk-1. Pressing the = sign will take us to the EQUAL state. Through this, it will make the evaluation (F) OP1 (S) and place the result in the F block when it reaches the equal state. Finally, pressing any operation OP will take us to the TRANSITION state. Note that this will change OP1 to become OP, whatever OP may be among +,-,*,/. This will also duplicate F into S. STATE 3: TRANSITION If you go back to the visual, you will notice that this state is the most frequented state (i.e. has the most arrows coming into it). EQUAL is the second most frequented. Anyway, this state looks like: F: ~F OP1: OP S: ~F OP2: ~OP2 T: ~T D: F Note that to reach this state, one must press an operation OP; that is the value that OP1 takes! There’s also something funny that happens here: the value of F gets duplicated into S. This is an optimization that was made by the iPhone. It’s a design decision that did not have to happen but works very well. Let’s say you press 3 then *. Then, what happens if you press = ? Do you get a zero because you didn’t type the second number? With this design decision, you’d get a 9 because we assume that you meant 3 * 3. I think it’s cool that they thought of this! Then, pressing any OP leads us back to this state. It simply changes the operation to the new one. Pressing = evaluates (F) OP1 (S) and places the result in F. Then, it takes us to the EQUAL state. Note that when it takes us to the equal state, both OP and S and every other parameters of the state remain unchanged. This is also cool. Do you see why? Maybe it’ll be more obvious once we get into the EQUAL state. Pressing RES takes us back to TRANSITION FROM INITIAL. On the way to it, it removes all the values in F and replaces it with 0. All the other parameters remain unchanged. Finally, pressing another number sk takes us to the TRANSITION FROM TRANSITION state. As you can imagine, this changes the value of S. Note that as coming from TRANSITION, sk = s0 (the very first index of the second number regardless of what S currently is, it will overwrite it). STATE 4: TRANSITION FROM TRANSITION (That naming though… Sigh) This state is interesting. It looks like this: F: ~F OP1: ~OP1 S: s0...sk-1 OP2: ~OP2 T: ~T D: S You can probably note that the display has now changed from F to S. Now, we’re displaying the second number! Pressing sk takes us back to this same state, it just appends sk to S so that it now becomes s0sk. Pressing = takes us to the EQUAL state. Again, it will evaluate (F) OP1 (S) and place the result in F and also keep all other parameters unchanged. Pressing RES takes us back to TRANSITION FROM TRANSITION if S is not equal to 0. This will clear S and replaces it with 0. Pressing RES when S = 0 will take us back to INITIAL. This means that everything will get back to what it started off with. Finally, pressing OP is the interesting case. There is actually two possible cases here: If we press OPS, we evaluate the expression (F) OP1 (S) and place its result on F. It will also place that same result on S as well. This is because we’re doing a simple + or operation, so we can just evaluate the pression. OP1 will become OPS, whatever it may be. Then, it will take us back to the TRANSITION state. If we press OPC and OP1 = OPC, then we do the same as when we press OPS except it’s OPC. of course. Finally, if we press OPC, we will be taken to the TRAILING state if OP1 is OPS (i.e. if OP1 is one of + or ). In this state, OP2 becomes OPC (i.e. one of * or /) and OP1 is always an OPS. S remains what it was, which is s0sk-1, but T will now get the value of S. The display D and S remain unchanged. STATE 5: TRAILING Why do we have a trailing state? Imagine the expression 9+5*2, should it evaluate to 14*2=28 or should it evaluate to 9+10=19? If you care about Mathematics, you know that multiplication takes precedence. That is why we have both the TRAILING state and the TRANSITION FROM TRAILING state! Note that in this state, OP1 is always OPS and  OP2 is always OPC. The TRAILING state looks like: F: ~F OP1: ~OP1=OPC S: ~S OP2: OPC T: ~S D: S Pressing = takes us to the EQUAL state. The evaluation is different however. First, we evaluate (S) OP2 (T), place the result into S (note that we make this evaluation before moving to the equal state), then we evaluate (F) OP1 (S), which places the result into F (note that we make this evaluation after moving into the equal state). So, now, F is essentially (F) OP1 ((S) OP2 (T)). All other expressions remain unchanged. Pressing RES will take us to the TRANSITION FROM TRAILING state. This will immediately set T = 0 and all parameters will remain unchanged. The display will become T. Someone pressing tk = t0 is essentially equivalent to pressing RES from the TRAILING state. Pressing OPC leads us back to the TRAILING state and simply change the OPC on OP2. Pressing OPS will run the same evaluation done with pressing =, i.e. it will place (F) OP1 ((S) OP2 (T)) into F but also on place it on S. OP1 will be OPS, whatever it may be, and the display will be F. Other keys will remain unchanged. Finally, pressing tk will take us to the TRANSITION FROM TRAILING state. In this case (i.e. coming from TRAILING), tk = t0. The display also changes to D=T . STATE 6: TRANSITION FROM TRAILING This state looks like: F: ~F OP1: ~OPS S: ~S OP2: ~OPC T: t0...tk-1 D: T Pressing RES if T = 0 will take us back to INITIAL state. Everything will be cleared. However, if T is not equal to 0, pressing RES will just clear T (i.e. set it to 0) and remain in this state. Pressing tk will just append tk into the current value of T. Pressing = will evaluate the expression just as evaluated when pressing = during the TRAILING state, and it will take us to the EQUAL state. Pressing OPC will take us to the TRAILING state. This will evaluate (S) OP2 (T) and place the result in both S and T. Then, it will change OP2 to be the new input OPC . The display will change back to S. Pressing OPS will take us to the TRANSITION state. This will evaluate the expression similar to how it’s evaluated in the TRAILING state. STATE 7: EQUAL Whew! Finally, the EQUAL state. This state looks like: F: (F) OP1 (S) OP1: ~OP1 S: ~S OP2: ~OP2 T: ~T D: F Note that the display in the equal state is always F. Pressing = re-evaluates (F) OP1 (S) and places the result into F. Note that S will remain the same in this case. Pressing OP will take us to the TRANSITION state. Then, it will make a copy of F and place it into S. Then, OP1 will be the newly received operation. Pressing fk will take us to the TRANSITION FROM INITIAL state. In this case, fk = f0. Everything else will remain unchanged. Pressing RES will also take us back to the TRANSITION FROM INITIAL state. However, it will delete F and replace it with 0. The Calculator (an example!) Parting Notes This is the calculator shown in the video above. It’s a really nice state machine that works well for these simple operations, and the design is great because it can be easily expanded to more complicated operations such as sin or floor. I wanted to point out that I didn’t really talk about how we are appending to the numbers. In case fk (or equivalently sk and tk ) is . , we only append when there is no . in the number. For example, pressing . when F=243 will make F=243. . However, pressing . when F=23.5 will have no effects! Also, pressing any number other than 0 when F=0 needs to change F into that number (equivalently for S and T). This is definitely not crazy difficult, but I’d say it’s more complicated that it looks, and it’s been a rewarding exercise to actually design this calculator. Here’s code that I wrote that does this in JavaScript (which is meant to be used for a calculator website) Or, check it out on Github. Thanks for reading! Post Tagged #6.148

After Effects Of The American Revolution - 2083 Words

After Effects of the American Revolution The American Revolution was a war where American Colonists fought the British Crown for their God given rights, life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. It was a war that slowly began in April of 1764, with the passing of the Sugar Act on American Colonies — which marked the end of the Salutary Neglect relationship that the colonists had with the British. Many colonists still believed they were a part of Britain, so paying taxes did not annoy them at first; however once they saw that more taxes such as the Stamp Quartering Act of 1765, were being placed on them without representation of their colonies and were being treated inferior to England towns, they began to rebel in small outbursts. In March 5, 1770, the Boston Massacre was spark that began the war — causing a rippling effect throughout the colonies and people, which created a variety of opportunities and consequences after the war. The American Colonists are the easie st in which to identify the changes that took place — with the end of the Revolutionary War, there came a lot of changes within the nation. There were political and economic changes, as well as changes in the way the colonists thought of themselves within the colonies. There were a lot more effects after the war that weren’t immediately noticeable, many still took several years before they were noted in history. Now that the British no longer had any sort of control over the American Colonies, theShow MoreRelatedThe American Revolution : The Revolutionary War And The Original Constitution1211 Words   |  5 PagesThe American Revolution is one of the most lauded and celebrated periods in the history of the United States. People revere the patriotic unity and radical changes employed by the Revolutionary War and the original Constitution. But while the formation of a new nation was radical in and of itself, the Founding Fathers warned against viewing the time as a perf ect, golden age. They believed that true change would only manifest in the generations to come. The American Revolution led to fundamental societalRead MoreThe American Revolution And The War Of Independence964 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent aspects of the American Revolution and the war of Independence, especially consisting of the people directly involved within the Americas. Of course the people of the colonies were involved because they were the main participant in the war and the British were involved because that is who the colonies were fighting to gain independence from. The Indians were involved in a minor way, mainly on the British side. The African Americans also played a part in helping the Americans. The French also playedRead MoreThe American Revolution And Its Effect On American History1537 Words   |  7 PagesThe American Revolution began in 1775. Due to the Revolution 1775 proved to be one of the most productive years in American history. The American Revolution caused great changes in the original thirteen colonies that helped mold the United States into what it is today. The revolution caused changes in the original colonies’ economics, caused immense changes in slavery, and changed the society of the colonies in general. As a result of the French and Indian war Britain neglected the American coloniesRead MoreFrench Revolution754 Words   |  4 PagesFrench Revolution The French Revolution last from 1789 to 1799. This war had many causes that began the revolution. Its causes ranged from the American Revolution, the economic crisis in France, social injustices to the immediate causes like the fall of Bastille, the Convening of he Estate-General, and the Great Fear. As a result of this revolution there many effects , immediate and long term. The immediate effects were the declaration of rights of man, abolishing of olds reign, execution of kingRead MoreThe French Revolution Essay590 Words   |  3 PagesThe French Revolution The French Revolution last from 1789 to 1799. This war had many causes that began the revolution. Its causes ranged from the American Revolution, the economic crisis in France, social injustices to the immediate causes like the fall of Bastille, the Convening of he Estate-General, and the Great Fear. As a result of this revolution there many effects , immediate and long term. The immediate effects were the declaration of rights of man, abolishing of olds reign, executionRead MoreThe Age of Revolutions1515 Words   |  7 PagesThe Age of Revolutions is often a term used for a period of time, usually between 1760 -1848. Although the term encompasses many revolutions across the globe, it isn’t very often that these events are examined as a whole; compared and contrasted to show the similarities, differences, and even some potential catalytic properties between them. The book The Age of Revolutions in Global Context, c. 1760-1840, put together and edited by David Armitage and San jay Subrahmanyam, is a book of essays collaboratedRead MoreDbq - American Revolution950 Words   |  4 PagesAmerica was the American Revolution. It was not so significant because of the number of deaths or the affects it had on Americas relationship with Great Britain, but more because of the changes it caused in society socially, economically, and politically. American society was greatly affected socially by the American Revolution. Compared to women in Europe, women in America already held a slightly greater role in society. That role would grow even larger by the end of the Revolution. The artwork ofRead MoreIndustrial Revolution After The Civil War956 Words   |  4 Pages The Inusterial Revolution after the Civil War Between 18-19th centuries after the Civil War, a chain of events occurred that brought about several changes in the way that people lived and worked in the United States.This period ranges from the time when cities started growing rapidly because human hand labor was drastically changed to machine labor. These events started the American Industrial Revolution, which later affected African American socially, economically and politically. However, manyRead MoreEssay on Dbq Anerican Revolution1205 Words   |  5 PagesDBQ: To what extent did the American Revolution fundamentally change American society? In your answer, be sure to address the political, social, and economic effects of the Revolution in the period from 1775 to 1800. The American Revolution was a critical turning point in American history. Following the French and Indian War, Britain ignored its previous policy of salutary neglect and began intervening in the colonies affairs through taxes, occupation of soldiers, violation of civil libertiesRead MoreCuban Revolution By Andrew Caminiti1476 Words   |  6 PagesCuban Communist Revolution By Andrew Caminiti The terrible conditions that many Cuban citizens lived under during the Batista regime was unacceptable. The Cuban Citizens wanted a change and started a revolution. To find out why we go all the way back to 1868 when the United States defeated the Spanish Army giving Cuba its independence. The Cubans elected Fulgencio Batista who did not allow any more elections to take place. This angered many and a new revolution leader formed, Fidel Castro. Fidel

Physician Assisted Suicide Should Be Legal Essay - 1894 Words

There is either pain or unconsciousness, there is nothing in between. A person is either unconscious with absolutely no knowledge of existing or suffering intolerable pain, screaming until a person can no longer do anything more than whimper and beg for the medicine to send them back into oblivion. They can exist in this state for many months, but why must they or anyone else? Physician assisted suicide could help with that if it were legal. Physician Assisted Suicide needs to be legalized in states because a person should have the right to end their life if they will be in excruciating pain or a drug induced stupor for their remaining life. Physician Assisted Suicide is when a physician gives a terminally ill patient a prescription for a lethal dose of a medicine (â€Å"Physician Aid-in-Dying†). The the patient has the choice of whether or not to use this medicine because the physician does not administer the medicine. The technical definition of suicide is a notion of premature death that is being hastened out of despair (â€Å"Physician Aid-in-Dying†). When a patient is in the hospital feeling unbearable pain, they are definitely hastened by despair to kill themselves. The patient would like to end all of the physical pain they are in, their emotional pain from watching their loved ones cry over them, and the mental anguish of their family members. The first organization for the right-to-die was in Santa Monica, California. The man who was running it was named Derek Humphrey. FiveShow MoreRelatedShould Physician Assisted Suicide Be Legal?901 Words   |  4 PagesWhen society ponders over the idea of phy sician-assisted suicide, they most likely feel that the act itself would compare to murdering someone. Who really has the authority to say what is right or wrong when a loved one wants to end their life because of a terminal illness or a severe physical disability? Should Physician-assisted suicide be Legal in California to make it a euthanasia state like Oregon ? In the article titled â€Å"Nicest Lawmaker Touts Assisted Suicide,† by Clea Benson published The BakersfieldRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide Should Be Legal1578 Words   |  7 Pagesmeasures. One of the alternative options is Physician-Assisted Suicide; defined as the voluntary termination of one’s own life by administration of a lethal substance with the direct or indirect assistance of a physician (â€Å"Physician-assisted†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). In layman’s terms it means that a physician administers medications to the patients to use on their own terms, and it’s entirely up to the patient whet her or not to ingest the medication. I know Physician-Assisted Suicide is a practical solution to terminally illRead MoreShould Physician-assisted Suicide Be Legal? 1473 Words   |  6 Pages Should physician-assisted suicide be legal? This debated subject has no right or wrong answer. Assisting someone in death has a felony murder conviction in some cases. There are a few different ways of being charged, but there are certain circumstances. There are many reasons why I am for it and of course, I have reasons against it. When you have a loved one in a vegetative state, does the family say yes or no to â€Å"pulling the plug?† Is it not the same as assisting a person in death? AnotherRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide Should Be Legal1325 Words   |  6 PagesThe topic of physician-assisted suicide has become very controversial because of the ethical questions. The physical state of health of the patient, the patient’s personal life, and even the financial pressure of the patient are all factors to consider when contemplating whether or not to legalize this controversial cause of death. Physician-assisted suicide regarding medical ethics states that a physician cannot legally give any patient a lethal injection to end their life, but they can take theRead MoreShould Physician Assisted Suicide Be Legal?761 Words   |  4 Pages We Should be in Favor of Physician-assisted Suicide In a momentous decision released February 6, 2015, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled that Physician-assisted suicide will be legal in Canada within 12 months. This deci-sion has caused a myriad of controversy. Opponents of physician-assisted suicide argue that the constitution recognizes the sanctity of life and no one has the right to end the life of another person’s. Supporters, on the other hand, argue that patients who experience constantRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide Should Be Legal935 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscusses the ethics of physician-assisted suicide. In the process of physician-assisted suicide, a doctor purposefully provides a terminally ill patient with the means to take their own life. This is often confused with active euthanasia; however, they are not the same thing. In euthanasia, the doctor administers the lethal drug to the patient, but in physician-assisted suicide, the patient must take the lethal drugs themselves. There is much debate over physician-assisted suicide today. Some peopleRead MoreShould Physician Assisted Suicide Be Legal?847 Words   |  4 PagesShould-Physician Assisted Suicide Be Legal In Every State When it comes to the topic of, should physician-assisted suicide be legal in every state, most of us will readily agree that it should be up to a terminally ill person to make that decision. Whereas some are convinced that it is inhumane, others maintain that it is a person’s decision to end their own life. I agree that physician-assisted suicide should be legal in every state because in most cases, people that are terminally ill should haveRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide Should Be Legal1494 Words   |  6 PagesPhysician Assisted Suicide A tough issue on the rise in the United States is whether or not Physician Assisted Suicide (PAS) should be legal. Physician Assisted Suicide allows a physician to prescribe a lethal dose of medication to a patient to end their life. However, the patient has to take the drugs on their own. PAS would be only offered to those suffering from a terminal illness with less than six months to live. The way these patients go about treating and or living with a terminal illnessRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide Should Not Be Legal2017 Words   |  9 PagesEnglish 100 Melody Kowach Say No to Physician Assisted Suicide Has anyone ever heard of the term Assisted suicide? The term assisted suicide â€Å" is suicide committed with the aid of another person, who is usually a physician. It usually is called physician assisted suicide because a doctor is providing information on committing suicide with lethal doses of drugs (Assisted). There are many people with a terminal illness considering assisted suicide. Assisted Suicide is legal in five states which is OregonRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide Should Be Legal1223 Words   |  5 Pagespractice of physician assisted suicide. This would allow terminally ill patients, many of whom have cancer, to make the difficult decision to end their lives peacefully. Doctors are able to simply write their patient a prescription, designed to end a person’s life in a non-painful way. Doctors and medical personnel have struggled with this topic, exploring the various consequences and benefits that come with making assisted suicide legal. Currently, physicia n assisted suicide has been made legal across

The History of Media Violence Free Essays

The history of media violence began in the 1950s when TV began dominating and major networks sought a simple successful formula to increase their revenues. Now an average of 150 acts of violence and about 15 murders entertain us and our children every week, and that does not count cartoons and news. ( Gerbner). We will write a custom essay sample on The History of Media Violence or any similar topic only for you Order Now By the age of 18, the average American child has witnessed at least 40,000 killings and 200,00 acts of violence according to the research of TV-Turnoff Network research. America’s children are being hurt. They are hurt when they are the victims or perpetrators  of mindless violence, illustrated and glorified by the media. They are hurt when they have become so dependent on rapid-fire, prefabricated visual effects that they can no longer conjure up their own images or dream their own dreams. (Dudley 36) It’s true that to some extent fictional violence can be useful in regaining the power and self esteem of a teenager. The positive effects occur when the media inform about violence in society and show the repercussions of a violent act, and thereby help in preventing crime. On the other hand, the media violence overkill remains most problematic and detrimental to public health and needs drastic measures to change. Violence in the media does increase the risk of viewers behaving aggressively, however it is only one possible negative effect of many. Without the proper care and support of parents, teenagers may turn into repressive, authoritarian adults and pass this aggressiveness and negativism onto the next generation. At first glance, immersing into a virtual violent world and enjoying the violent content of movies seem to be a shelter for many who feel insecure about themselves. Replaying some fictional violent patterns in their minds gives teenagers an opportunity to release some of their real-life fears and inform them about the mechanism of violence and justice. However, the existing violence overkill on TV and the video game industry do not contribute to the development of their emotional and moral intelligence and do not build their self-esteem. In the absence of parental love and involvement, the media creates a subversive reality that can only increase the level of aggressiveness in teenagers and their risk to adopt. How to cite The History of Media Violence, Papers

Spaghetti Westerns Essays - Film, Film Genres, Italian Films

Spaghetti Westerns Which is the cheesiest? The answer is pretty obvious, but let's take a close look. "Spaghetti Westerns," as their called, are a genre of western films, that have been created or filmed in Italy and are meant to portray the "Wild West" of America. "Macaroni Westerns," as I'll call them, make up the traditional western genre, made in the United States. Let's take a look at the similarities and differences of these genres, and at two films in particular that represent each genre; The Good the Bad and the Ugly(1966) and Rio Bravo(1959), which most critics will agree, are great examples of each genre. Let's start with the most obvious aspect that differs in the two genres. "Macaroni Westerns" are the cheesiest. These films have are pure cheese. I can barely sit through one of them. They have the typical characters; the hero(s), the bad guy(s), the fair maiden, and the quirky sidekick(s). These characters spout out cheesy lines, demonstrating how good or how bad they are, but they language always remains basically clean. In the Spaghetti Westerns, the language is a lot more diverse(lots of cussing). This is because each of these genres play to a different audience. The "Macaroni Westerns" are family films. They present right, wrong, and have many morals played out, such as, "no matter how many bad people are trying to kill you, you can take them all on if you wear a badge and talk like John Wayne." The "Macaroni Westerns" were typically family movies, because it was typical Hollywood(serving to the masses, whatever sells big). Violence, profanity, and not having blatantly evil and good characters, wasn't selling at the time, so we got "Macaroni." The "Spaghetti Westerns," on the other hand, were not trying to please everybody.(just the Italian roughnecks) Sure, these westerns took a lot from the traditional westerns, but they break away from the traditional "Macaroni Westerns" in many ways.(which we shall soon see) The "Spaghetti Westerns" play to a more liberal audience. They had a lot more creative liberty. Let's take a look at the aforementioned films in terms of plot, framing, editing, sound and cinematography. The plot in Rio Bravo is your typical American western. It is a "conflict between civilized order and the lawless frontier."(Bordwell/Thompson p.56) We have our heros and bad guys laid out before us in black and white. "Colorado" is the typical hero who tries to stay out of the conflict and then eventually sides with civilized order. "Dude" is another hero who fallows the same path. Our bad guys are made obvious from the early moments of the film by means of a murder. There isn't much to wonder about. In The Good the Bad and the Ugly, everything isn't laid out for us from the beginning. Our "good guy" isn't revealed till quite a ways into the film. In this film, we get a pretty good idea who the worst guy is, but we are left to constantly wonder where one of the main characters stands, or if he will eventually become "good." We are forced to study each character more as they develop, to know who they are. In Rio Bravo, you don't give it a second thought. Rio Bravo introduces the plot motivation at the very beginning. The bad guy is in jail, and the heros have to keep him there till the marshal arrives. In The Good the Bad and the Ugly, the motivation is revealed as the 200,000 dollars, but most of the characters don't know about it for half the film. This film seems to stretch things out like that. Now let's take a look at the framing. In Rio Bravo, the framing seems to be very simple. The main character is always in the center of the frame unless another character is coming into the frame. In The Good the Bad and the Ugly, there is much more use of set framing. Many scenes and sequences are framed through window, alleys and doorways. This type of framing seems to pull you into the film much more. It creates framing in the same way that we frame things in the real world. Also, in The Good the Bad and the Ugly, there are many more close ups than Rio Bravo, as well as many extreme close ups that let you catch small eye and facial movements. Next let's discuss editing. The Good the Bad and the Ugly have, in general, much longer shots than Rio Bravo does. These extremely long shots are put together