Foreign Affairs Essay Contest Example For Students

Remote Affairs Essay Contest With the start of an apparently interminable war on psychological warfare, and a flimsy United States economy, presently scarcely appears an opportunity to look at our general arrangement towards every single other country, and creating countries specifically. The destruction of the World Trade Center is as yet seething, and our soldiers are walking on Kabul as I compose. Patriotism is at a stature just recently experienced during the World Wars. Each and every other vehicle you see on the roadway has Old Glory gladly flying in their window or on their recieving wire, some privilege close to their Rebel Flag. On a superficial level it shows up the United States has arranged for one progressively noble purpose, and malicious, or those that contradict the US as they are generally called, will clearly fall. We wont represent guiltless assaults on regular citizens, and those doomed Afghanis and Osama container Laden would be wise to stow away. On the off chance that you dont accept this, not exclusively are you un-American, however you should be a damn fear based oppressor yourself. Discreetly, in any case, the contention is being made among researchers and free scholars in the United States that maybe we are not simply the honest casualties we depict to be in the September 11, 2001 pulverization of the World Trade Center. Some ground breaking minds even anticipated a disaster fairly like this, yet not on such an enormous scope. Unenlightened individuals inquire as to why something like this could or would happen. What might make such a poor and flimsy nation like Afghanistan chooses to confront the all-powerful United States? The appropriate response isn't a simple one, and requires a huge change in what we expect in outside relations, and how we see and treat the remainder of the world in general. The United States is one of the final super powers of the world, and we have the commitment to keep up and bolster great relations with the littler and more fragile cou ntries all through the world. We should exploit this relationship in a few unique manners, all without abusing the first people groups or our own capacity. First the U.S. must concentrate on contributing and exchanging with those countries who still can't seem to become financial forces. Second, we should actualize a reliable international strategy towards the Middle Eastern countries, and all underdeveloped countries by and large. Third, the United States needs to regard the endeavors and consequences of the democratization and strict restorations in the Middle East and Latin America, while playing a latent job in letting the a Western kind of majority rule government follow through to its logical end. Fourth, the U.S. must simplicity and make light of its contention with those civic establishments that despise the Western individuals and their lifestyle. Clearly, remote venture is essential for the eventual fate of creating different countries just as our own. There must be an acc entuation on remote venture and exchange, in any case the underdeveloped countries will keep on falling behind financially, innovatively, and locally, which could prompt a monetary destruction for the U.S. also. The inquiry at that point emerges regarding what the United States must do so as to have enormous exchange concurrences with different nations other than Japan and Mexico. All together for the U.S. to assume an increasingly dynamic job in the monetary and political advancement of a large number of these creating countries, it should initially acknowledge an unexpected way of thinking in comparison to its present one. To start with, it is basic for the United States to assume a comparable job in Latin America to the one Japan has played with a considerable lot of the creating countries in East Asia. The U.S. neighbors Latin America, and on the off chance that it needs to assume the job of elder sibling, it must acknowledge the obligation. Japan has contributed, exchanged, and been a guide for a significant number of its neighboring nations in East Asia, causing them to develop strategically and monetarily while likewise benefitting financially itself (Japan Remains 1996). The U.S. must understand that the economies of Latin American Nations will have a significant impact later on for our own economy, and that it must start to lead, contribute, and help Mexico, however nations, for example, Peru, Argentina, Bolivia, and Columbia into the twenty first century. The backbone in American international strategy has consistently been to advance and impart majority rule government. Be that as it may, so as to do this in a remote country, the U.S. must have the option to initially build up a reasonable monetary relationship and framework inside the ideal countries. We ought not expect or need a country to change from a complete tyrant government to a market economy; doing so would be a calamity. The United States lays a lot on its ideological convictions, when t here is no compelling reason to do as such. Outside nations look for our capital and exchange courses, not our ethics and culture. We, shockingly, don't feel this is the situation. The US has customarily required win big or bust, with respect to requests on forthcoming exchange accomplices, and political partners. The United States position towards Cuba is a prominent case of this way of thinking. Rather, the U.S. must be happy to permit creating to countries put resources into U.S. showcases before we put resources into theirs, paying little heed to philosophy. Consequently, a practical fare/import framework will be built up. Yet, it is basic that the economy of the creating country be observed and run by its own administration, and the United States should just be there for prompting purposes. At the point when a sensible framework has at last been accomplished, thennot right awaya increasingly American, free enterprise sort of financial system will be permitted to develop. On the off chance that the best test the United States faces is executing an international strategy that is predictable all through the Middle East, weve never really shoot ourselves in he foot up until this point. Islamic countries arent prone to be receptive to thoughts, for example, human rights, and majority rule government. These countries will never be receptive to western thoughts when the United States keeps on exacting authorizations against them. The U.S. is fortunate that it has a partner in Saudi Arabia and Israel, permitting them to actualize a considerable lot of these international strategy plans against the other Middle Eastern nations, without confronting genuine financial outcomes in the oil and gas industry. Strangely however, Saudi Arabia is most likely as much against western philosophies as any country in the Middle East. Ladies don't have equivalent rights, torment is visit, there is no division among chapel and state, and Saudi Arabia is amazingly a long way from b uilding up any kind of popular government (Miller 58). Presently, when the U.S. advances majority rules system and human rights, for what reason does it bolster one nation and censure the following? All through the Cold War, American international strategy would offer guide to any country who contradicts socialism. So during that time the U.S. built up a youre either with us or against us kind of strategy, non-arrangement. With this strategy, a significant number of the Middle Eastern nations turned out to be alleged foes with the U.S., which has prompted agitation and contempt of western majority rules systems. In this season of worldwide financial matters, the United States can't single out which nations to put resources into. All together for the U.S. to vanquish the difficulties it faces in the Middle East, it must beginning by supporting the whole Middle East. Israel and Saudi Arabia might be the most appealing offers, however Syria and even Iran have tremendous assets that wil l be truly significant to our economy in the future.Of course we can't disregard our dear companions off the shore of Miami, Cuba. What edge does a nation like China hold over Cuba other than size? Nothing other than a bigger wellspring of modest work. Our present position on Cuba was right in 1962. Castro was to be sure a socialist, however simply after the US, who he went to first, wouldn't support him. In 2001, in any case, it appears to be evident that Castro has metamorphisized into something different. Castro has done a practically complete 180 in his political way of thinking, and some would contend that Cuba is just about a popular government as of now. In the event that we lifted our inadequate embargoes and opened the exchange lines Cuba, I see no motivation behind why Castro would not open his general public significantly more. Americans are passing up an opportunity to change Cuba, both monetarily and strategically. We get the opportunity to reconstruct a whole economy f rom the beginning, and we should simply put resources into it. These open doors are not theoretical either, however genuine as evident to different nations like Canada and the Europeans. Every other person on the planet knows this as of now since they have made the essential mentality alterations and are in there focusing in and getting their hands filthy. Castro realizes that he cannot carry out this responsibility of changing his whole structure himself, and it won't be long until he discovers somebody to assist that with willing in all likelihood not be good for the US. It occurred before when the US denied him and he went to the USSR, there is no motivation behind why we should let it happen once more. As the alleged pioneer of the free world we should know better. All the US does is lecture about the significance of dependability and free market frameworks, and the requirement for vote based system. With a model like we are setting, for what reason would it be a good idea for a nyone to follow? For what reason would it be a good idea for us to make every effort to guarantee neither gets by in Cuba? Its time and has been for quite a while to bite the bullet and concede we weren't right. The remainder of the free world definitely knows it. They sit in their Cuban financed workplaces, smoking huge Cuban stogies snickering at our pomposity and us. (Smith)Next, the United States must react to the issues of democratization and strict restoration in the Middle East and Latin America. In the Middle East, there is by all accounts the idea that endeavors at democratization would prompt the destruction of minority rights. As Judith Miller called attention to, The advancement of free races promptly is probably going to prompt the triumph of Islamic gatherings that have no responsibility to popular government in any conspicuous or important structure (Miller 59). What the United States must do is set up an illustrative or parliamentary procedure that perceives all type s of political activity. Just advancing free decisions would prompt a reaction in democratization endeavors. Th

Savior In Gnosticism And Orthodoxy Essay Example For Students

Deliverer In Gnosticism And Orthodoxy Essay I am endeavoring to keep in touch with one sound article talking about inquiries three and two. I propose to initially portray the restricting perspectives on the deliverer in Gnosticismand in Orthodoxy. Besides, I will think about the Valentinian and exemplary Gnosticsin how they contrast and how the Gospel of Truth represents the highlights ofValentinian Gnosticism. The Orthodox view the congregation as an essential mediumbetween the common people and god; they contended that without the congregation and the hierarchyof pastorate, the gathering would not have the option to achieve god all alone. Theysaw the happening to divine beings realm as a strict occasion. They additionally observed itpreposterous thought to isolate the body from human life. That is, they sawJesus as both fragile living creature and soul that were indistinguishable. The Orthodox consideredthe torturous killing of Jesus as a verifiable record. They saw Jesus as a martyrthat yielded his life so we may live. It was accepted that the martyrdomof Jesus takes into consideration the pardoning of sins and guaran tees revival and ourlife everlasting; this penance permitted us to discharge our blame and receiveforgiveness for our wrongdoings. On the matter of what Jesus was, the Gnosticsvehemently couldn't help contradicting the Orthodox Church. Gnostics accepted that Jesus wasmore than a human saint; Gnostics accepted that the Holy Spirit (Christ) andJesus of Nazareth were two separate elements. They felt that Jesus was a man offlesh who, at immersion, got the Holy Spirit and became Christ. They lookedat it just as the soul of Christ was involving the group of Jesus until thecrucifixion, where the soul was transfigured and discharged so we mayattain salvation. Gnostics and the Orthodox Church additionally contended over the point ofthe enduring, or the enthusiasm of Jesus. Gnostics felt that Christ just appearedto endure and pass on, it was the body that endured and when Jesus passed, thespirit was transfigured and discharged. Gnostics and the Orthodox likewise disagreedon the purpose of the presence of God. The Gnostics justified that the god ofthe old confirmation a divine force of creation and discipline was unmistakably a different entityfrom the lord of Jesus, who was an adoring and pardoning god. How could such aloving god connect with us with salvation and pardoning be a similar god whocreated agony, discipline and languishing. The Orthodox trusted in one god,the father all-powerful maker of paradise and earth. Actually this was themajor guarantee of the belief that the conventional Christians broadcasted as part oftheir confidence. Another purpose of contention was the way to achieve salvation. OrthodoxChristians felt it was important to announce, so anyone can hear, their confidence in one god. This was the observing element that permitted them to isolate themselves from theGnostics-who were currently viewed as apostates and a danger to the congregation. Gnosticsbelieved that up to one lived in confidence and held great lead throughouttheir whole life they would accomplish salvation. Gnostics felt their methodology wassuperior to that of the Orthodox Christians on the grounds that even scoundrels couldproclaim the belief, not have confidence in it and still arrive at life unceasing andsalvation. After Jesus kicked the bucket, both Orthodox Christians and Gnostics guaranteed towitness the restoration of Christ. The customary guaranteed that they saw thephysical return of Jesus Christ and communicated the significance of this typeof locating as reality. Gnostics had the conviction that the relationship betweensalvation and themselves was on an increasingly close to home level. Gnostics demanded that itwas just an experience between the observer and the soul of Christ that had been changed. This follows the Gnostics conviction that strict enlightenmentcame from introspect and self-information. When one had accomplished this gnosis theywere viewed as of develop information and an individual from a world class bunch readyto get the mystery information on the soul. Gnostics accepted that theybelonged to the genuine church of a choose rare sorts of people who were commendable; theorthodox Christians would not be spared on the grounds that they were oblivious in regards to reality. Ignatus took the possibility of the dad, child and the Holy Spirit to anextreme. He felt that this equivalent progression was spoken to on earth by theprocession of minister, cleric and elder. Furthermore, just by loving the religious administrator as astand-in for god would they be spared. The Orthodox Church was resolute about theimportance of the pastorate as the medium to god. The Valentinians were a branch ofGnosticism that frequently were not perceived as blasphemers. They rode a fine linebetween the standard and the Gnostics. The Valentinians were unique in relation to therest of the Gnostics since they, similar to the Orthodox Church, broadcasted beliefin one god. The standard accepted that once the Valentinians were in seclusionthat they considered a contention between the well known picture of godas the wellspring of all being. The Orthodox Church was soon increasingly undermined by theValentinians on the grounds that they were apostates whos lessons were practically identi cal to thatof the Orthodox in what they said-yet what they implied was irreverent. TheValentinians resembled the great Gnostics since they couldn't help contradicting theOrthodox Church on the matter of the significance of pastorate in the issue ofattaining a relationship with god. The two of them saw the conversation of god as anoverlying issue to the subject of otherworldly position. They expressed that theOrthodox Church was increasingly worried about the issues of who had more force thanfocusing on the genuine issues. The Orthodox focused on the significance of therelationship between the progression of ministry and the association with the father,son and the Holy Spirit. Forebearing, of the Orthodox Church announced that any personwho defied the intensity of the religious administrator was ungodly and ought to be censured todeath. The Gnostics communicated the significance of fairness in the love. Theyargued that by considering each other as equivalents, there would be lessconc entration on the battle for force and more spotlight on accomplishing information andsalvation. The Gnostics took an extreme situation for the time and it stillemanates today-the situation of ladies in the congregation. The Gnostics permitted womento take an interest in all parts of the love; actually, any one whenever wasallowed to take on the situation of religious administrator. Along these lines, there was no contentions overwho held more force. The Orthodox Church thought this was all out and completeblasphemy. They felt that ladies had no spot in the authority of the congregation. Hazard Taking EssayIgnatus took the possibility of the dad, child and the Holy Spirit to anextreme. He felt that this equivalent chain of command was spoken to on earth by theprocession of minister, cleric and elder. Furthermore, just by revering the diocesan as astand-in for god would they be spared. The Orthodox Church was resolved about theimportance of the pastorate as the medium to god. The Valentinians were a branch ofGnosticism that frequently were not perceived as blasphemers. They rode a fine linebetween the conventional and the Gnostics. The Valentinians were not the same as therest of the Gnostics since they, similar to the Orthodox Church, declared beliefin one god. The customary accepted that once the Valentinians were in seclusionthat they considered a contention between the famous picture of godas the wellspring of all being. The Orthodox Church was soon progressively undermined by theValentinians in light of the fact that they were apostates whos lessons were practica lly identical to thatof the Orthodox in what they said-however what they implied was profane. TheValentinians resembled the great Gnostics since they couldn't help contradicting theOrthodox Church on the matter of the significance of ministry in the issue ofattaining a relationship with god. The two of them saw the conversation of god as anoverlying issue to the topic of profound power. They expressed that theOrthodox Church was progressively worried about the issues of who had more force thanfocusing on the genuine issues. The Orthodox focused on the significance of therelationship between the progression of ministry and the association with the father,son and the Holy Spirit. Forgiving, of the Orthodox Church announced that any personwho defied the intensity of the cleric was ungodly and ought to be denounced todeath. The Gnostics communicated the significance of equity in the love. Theyargued that by considering each other as equivalents, there would be lessconcentration on the b attle for force and more spotlight on accomplishing information andsalvation. The Gnostics took an extreme situation for the time and it stillemanates today-the situation of ladies in the congregation. The Gnostics permitted womento take an interest in all parts of the love; truth be told, any one whenever wasallowed to take on the situation of cleric. Along these lines, there was no contentions overwho held more force. The Orthodox Church thought this was all out and completeblasphemy. They felt that ladies had no spot in the initiative of the congregation. Some portion of the explanation that Gnostics communicated their faith in uniformity was becauseof the way that they saw the connection among Jesus and his devotees. They didn't consider Jesus to be a better than the witnesses. Or maybe, they saw Jesus notas a prophet with the entirety of the appropriate responses, however as a detachment of the data thatshould be sed as an asset and a bouncing off point on their quest for gnosis. The Gospel of Truth is a Christian Gnostic book connected to the Valentinin School. It is an impression of the life and work of Jesus. It mirrors the significanceof Jesus and his works. This work is model of the premise of the ValentinianGnostic development. This content communicated the Valentinian rule that theknowledge of god wrecks numbness. It illuminates the legendary record of thefall of Sophia and considers it the depiction of mistake. This content talks ofJesus fill in as a revealer and an educator. It communicates the point about thesignificance of his demise and restoration of his soul and its association toour salvation. It deciphers the occasion of Jesus demise as a disclosure of theessence of the Father and the Origins of mankind inside him. Through thisinsight, the forces are overc

Designing a Calculator with FSM Logic

Designing a Calculator with FSM Logic My friend Robert V. 20 is a Course 6-3 (Computer Science) sophomore, the MIT African Students Associations webmaster, and has TAd an interesting IAP class called 6.148, a web development class and competition. Hes a really smart guy, and I found out about this cool post he put up on Medium and asked if I could reformat it and post it to the blogs. Robert is passionate about web design and development, and is also really great at teaching. Hes always the first person that many of our Course 6 freshman friends reach out to for help in their introductory courses. Robert lives in Maseeh Hall, was born in Goma and grew up in Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. I hope you enjoy his post as much as I did!   As far as I can tell, making a calculator is a classic first time programmer’s challenge. So, as I was helping some of my fellow underclassmen learn web dev, I suggested making a calculator! For best practice purposes, I also suggested starting off with brainstorming: First, we design how this calculator is going to work, Then, we can implement code for this, And finally, we can make it pretty As we were brainstorming, we naturally through that a coherent design logic for our calculator would be a finite state machine (FSM)! WAIT. What’s a Finite State Machine (FSM)? NOTE: If you’re familiar with FSMs, you can skip this section entirely. An FSM is a mathematical objects made of states, state transitions, and inputs. FSMs are widely used in computer science and engineering to model the behaviors of machines. At any given time, an FSM has one state and can receive inputs. Based on those inputs, the FSM can change both state (through state transitions) and interval variables of the FSM. HERE’S AN EXAMPLE: The state machine of the human body. A very simplified human body has 2 states: hungry and full. When humans are hungry, they need food in order to get back to being in the full state, and at the same time, they may become happy  when they get food. Becoming happy in this case would be an internal variable of the state machine, and eating would be an input. Then, humans use all their energy (the other input) which makes them hungry again. They could become SAD too. So, inputs essentially lead to state change in a state machine. Here’s what this simple human body state machine would look like when graphically represented: Ok, let me show you another example! You’re about to see an FSM that you’re very familiar with but that was just never called an FSM: the state of matter. Right, isn’t that cool? We learn this in high school, but they never call it that way. Anyway, this state machine has 4 states: PLASMA, GAS, SOLID, LIQUID. There are transitions from states to states, which are inputs that are either caused by nature or by humans. Internal states of this state machines could be, for example, the boiling temperature of the given matter, the name of the given matter, etc. Why Are (Finite) State Machines Important? They provide us with a very systematic way of modelling anything that can happen in real life (such as state of matter). Based on state machines, we can easily use mathematics to derive both properties of those machines. State machines are widely used in probabilistic applications, such as modelling the motion of a robot looking for a reward located somewhere the robot does not know using Markov Random Process (which is also a subset of state machines). State machines also allow to naturally and easily expand our model (both through the design and through code). For example, in the human body, we could add another state, not full / not hungry, where the human person could be feeling meh. To add that, we simple create a new state and add some transitions to it. Of course, there are times when other models are better, but state machines work best for certain kinds of applications. Finally, if you’re more interested, here’s an article on embeddedrelated.com by Jason Sacks that goes over a lot more details that I did. If you find this interesting, you will love that article. Back to Calculators Later on, we decided to use the iPhone’s calculator to identify all the possible states in our calculator state machine simply by playing around doing multiple arithmetic computations. And… It quickly turned out to be much more complicated than I thought. Here’s some thought to not using a state machine: Designing a calculator without thinking about all the state machine’s logic is very simple. It works well for most operations, and noticing the imperfections in it can be subtle. However, there are operations that simply do not work well, such as 2 + 4 * 2, which in reality is 2 + (4 * 2) = 10 and can be erroneously evaluated as (2 + 4) * 2 = 12. Another way to design a calculator is one where the user can input expressions, such as 3 * 4, which can be easily evaluated with functions like eval. Not that I am not suggesting using eval (it’s know to be a bad practice); it’s just a quick solution that could help quickly get down to implementing all the UI for the calculator. However, nicely designing a calculator with a correct finite state machine is not that easy. Nevertheless, I decided to pursue this interesting challenge, and this is what I came up with: That looks quite complicated. Let me explain. Note: if you’d like to skip to the end, I posted JavaScript gist code snippet that implements this. The main idea behind a simple calculator is that we receive inputs, and based on those inputs, we make some operations, and if needed, we change the output display on the screen. Inputs may be: numbers (one of 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,.. note that I included the . as a “number”), operations (one of +,-,*,/), equality (i.e. =), or reset (could be C or AC on iPhone. One of them is clear which is same as clear entry and the other is clear all). Then, we can denote the inputs as follows: Operations are OP  for +,-,*,/, OPS for +,-, and OPC for *,/. C for complex, S for simple. Equality is just =. Input numbers may be one of fk, sk, or tk. The k actually stands for the new input’s index for numbers such that a number is a sequence of digit characters f0,f1,f2,,fk-1, and the input makes the number become f0,f1,,fk. For example, in 123, f0=1, f1=2, f2=3 and k-1=2. The input f3=4 will change that number into 1234. The reset button is RES. This is like pressing AC or C on your iPhone’s calculator. Next, I designed the underlying structure of the calculator as blocks of the form: |---|-----|---|-----|---| | F | OP1 | S | OP2 | T | |---|-----|---|-----|---| F stands for “first” as in “first number” OP1 is the first operation S is stands for “second” as in “second number” OP2 is the second operation, and finally T stands for “trailing” as in “trailing number”. By now, you can probably imagine that we’d be doing operations against the first and second number and against the second number against the trailing number, but how are the operations actually made, what do each of those blocks actually mean, and where does the result get stored? Let me explain all of it! The State Logic What we need is to identify all the possible states for this FSM. This is the difficult part. I learned here that this type of calculators try to make the most logical assumption while respecting the rules of mathematics, and it can be beautifully describes with only 7 states! Before diving into these 7 states, first, here’s what the state parameters in a state represent: F - the value of the first number OP1 - the operation between the first and second number S - the value of the second number OP2 - the operation between the second number and trailing number T - the value of the trailing number D - what is displayed on the screen; it can be one of F, S, and T The inputs that I listed above are what will lead to various state transitions. Now, onto the states: STATE 1: INITIAL State So, the initial state looks like: F: 0 OP1: + S: 0 OP2: + T: 0 D: F This is the state we start off with. There’s nothing interesting, and the values that we start with are just zeros and + operations. Pressing RES will take us back to the initial state: it essentially has no effect. YES, self loops are allowed in FSMs. Pressing any number, denoted by fk (which must be equal to f0 for this input coming from the INITIAL state) will take us to the TRANSITION FROM INITIAL state. I will talk about that state next. The number is denoted with lowercase f because it will be filled into the first number F. Note that adding numbers into other blocks will then have to either be sk or tk for block S and block T respectively. Finally, pressing any operation OP will take us to the TRANSITION state. Note that this will change OP1 to become OP, whatever OP may be among +,-,*,/. This state is upcoming as well. STATE 2: TRANSITION FROM INITIAL Let me point out that my naming convention here is a bit weird, but I tried my best to give these states meaningful names. Without further ado, this state looks like this: F: f0...fk-1 OP1: ~OP1 S: ~S OP2: ~OP2 T: ~T D: F Some things to note: I use the ~ notation to denote that the value of this key is whatever the given state key was before (not that it could be that the state key does not match state key, e.g.: S: ~F). Some later states will cause these values to change and not be + or 0 as in the initial state. So, anyway: Pressing RES will take us to TRANSITION FROM INITIAL state (i.e. back to here) if F is not equal to 0. It will clear F (i.e. set it to 0). Pressing RES will take us back to INITIAL state if F = 0. This means all parameters become what they used to be. i.e. F=0, OP1=+, S=0, D=F, OP2=+, T=0. I will show why this is important at the end. Pressing any number fk will take us back to this same state, TRANSITION FROM INITIAL and simply append fk to f0fk-1. Pressing the = sign will take us to the EQUAL state. Through this, it will make the evaluation (F) OP1 (S) and place the result in the F block when it reaches the equal state. Finally, pressing any operation OP will take us to the TRANSITION state. Note that this will change OP1 to become OP, whatever OP may be among +,-,*,/. This will also duplicate F into S. STATE 3: TRANSITION If you go back to the visual, you will notice that this state is the most frequented state (i.e. has the most arrows coming into it). EQUAL is the second most frequented. Anyway, this state looks like: F: ~F OP1: OP S: ~F OP2: ~OP2 T: ~T D: F Note that to reach this state, one must press an operation OP; that is the value that OP1 takes! There’s also something funny that happens here: the value of F gets duplicated into S. This is an optimization that was made by the iPhone. It’s a design decision that did not have to happen but works very well. Let’s say you press 3 then *. Then, what happens if you press = ? Do you get a zero because you didn’t type the second number? With this design decision, you’d get a 9 because we assume that you meant 3 * 3. I think it’s cool that they thought of this! Then, pressing any OP leads us back to this state. It simply changes the operation to the new one. Pressing = evaluates (F) OP1 (S) and places the result in F. Then, it takes us to the EQUAL state. Note that when it takes us to the equal state, both OP and S and every other parameters of the state remain unchanged. This is also cool. Do you see why? Maybe it’ll be more obvious once we get into the EQUAL state. Pressing RES takes us back to TRANSITION FROM INITIAL. On the way to it, it removes all the values in F and replaces it with 0. All the other parameters remain unchanged. Finally, pressing another number sk takes us to the TRANSITION FROM TRANSITION state. As you can imagine, this changes the value of S. Note that as coming from TRANSITION, sk = s0 (the very first index of the second number regardless of what S currently is, it will overwrite it). STATE 4: TRANSITION FROM TRANSITION (That naming though… Sigh) This state is interesting. It looks like this: F: ~F OP1: ~OP1 S: s0...sk-1 OP2: ~OP2 T: ~T D: S You can probably note that the display has now changed from F to S. Now, we’re displaying the second number! Pressing sk takes us back to this same state, it just appends sk to S so that it now becomes s0sk. Pressing = takes us to the EQUAL state. Again, it will evaluate (F) OP1 (S) and place the result in F and also keep all other parameters unchanged. Pressing RES takes us back to TRANSITION FROM TRANSITION if S is not equal to 0. This will clear S and replaces it with 0. Pressing RES when S = 0 will take us back to INITIAL. This means that everything will get back to what it started off with. Finally, pressing OP is the interesting case. There is actually two possible cases here: If we press OPS, we evaluate the expression (F) OP1 (S) and place its result on F. It will also place that same result on S as well. This is because we’re doing a simple + or operation, so we can just evaluate the pression. OP1 will become OPS, whatever it may be. Then, it will take us back to the TRANSITION state. If we press OPC and OP1 = OPC, then we do the same as when we press OPS except it’s OPC. of course. Finally, if we press OPC, we will be taken to the TRAILING state if OP1 is OPS (i.e. if OP1 is one of + or ). In this state, OP2 becomes OPC (i.e. one of * or /) and OP1 is always an OPS. S remains what it was, which is s0sk-1, but T will now get the value of S. The display D and S remain unchanged. STATE 5: TRAILING Why do we have a trailing state? Imagine the expression 9+5*2, should it evaluate to 14*2=28 or should it evaluate to 9+10=19? If you care about Mathematics, you know that multiplication takes precedence. That is why we have both the TRAILING state and the TRANSITION FROM TRAILING state! Note that in this state, OP1 is always OPS and  OP2 is always OPC. The TRAILING state looks like: F: ~F OP1: ~OP1=OPC S: ~S OP2: OPC T: ~S D: S Pressing = takes us to the EQUAL state. The evaluation is different however. First, we evaluate (S) OP2 (T), place the result into S (note that we make this evaluation before moving to the equal state), then we evaluate (F) OP1 (S), which places the result into F (note that we make this evaluation after moving into the equal state). So, now, F is essentially (F) OP1 ((S) OP2 (T)). All other expressions remain unchanged. Pressing RES will take us to the TRANSITION FROM TRAILING state. This will immediately set T = 0 and all parameters will remain unchanged. The display will become T. Someone pressing tk = t0 is essentially equivalent to pressing RES from the TRAILING state. Pressing OPC leads us back to the TRAILING state and simply change the OPC on OP2. Pressing OPS will run the same evaluation done with pressing =, i.e. it will place (F) OP1 ((S) OP2 (T)) into F but also on place it on S. OP1 will be OPS, whatever it may be, and the display will be F. Other keys will remain unchanged. Finally, pressing tk will take us to the TRANSITION FROM TRAILING state. In this case (i.e. coming from TRAILING), tk = t0. The display also changes to D=T . STATE 6: TRANSITION FROM TRAILING This state looks like: F: ~F OP1: ~OPS S: ~S OP2: ~OPC T: t0...tk-1 D: T Pressing RES if T = 0 will take us back to INITIAL state. Everything will be cleared. However, if T is not equal to 0, pressing RES will just clear T (i.e. set it to 0) and remain in this state. Pressing tk will just append tk into the current value of T. Pressing = will evaluate the expression just as evaluated when pressing = during the TRAILING state, and it will take us to the EQUAL state. Pressing OPC will take us to the TRAILING state. This will evaluate (S) OP2 (T) and place the result in both S and T. Then, it will change OP2 to be the new input OPC . The display will change back to S. Pressing OPS will take us to the TRANSITION state. This will evaluate the expression similar to how it’s evaluated in the TRAILING state. STATE 7: EQUAL Whew! Finally, the EQUAL state. This state looks like: F: (F) OP1 (S) OP1: ~OP1 S: ~S OP2: ~OP2 T: ~T D: F Note that the display in the equal state is always F. Pressing = re-evaluates (F) OP1 (S) and places the result into F. Note that S will remain the same in this case. Pressing OP will take us to the TRANSITION state. Then, it will make a copy of F and place it into S. Then, OP1 will be the newly received operation. Pressing fk will take us to the TRANSITION FROM INITIAL state. In this case, fk = f0. Everything else will remain unchanged. Pressing RES will also take us back to the TRANSITION FROM INITIAL state. However, it will delete F and replace it with 0. The Calculator (an example!) Parting Notes This is the calculator shown in the video above. It’s a really nice state machine that works well for these simple operations, and the design is great because it can be easily expanded to more complicated operations such as sin or floor. I wanted to point out that I didn’t really talk about how we are appending to the numbers. In case fk (or equivalently sk and tk ) is . , we only append when there is no . in the number. For example, pressing . when F=243 will make F=243. . However, pressing . when F=23.5 will have no effects! Also, pressing any number other than 0 when F=0 needs to change F into that number (equivalently for S and T). This is definitely not crazy difficult, but I’d say it’s more complicated that it looks, and it’s been a rewarding exercise to actually design this calculator. Here’s code that I wrote that does this in JavaScript (which is meant to be used for a calculator website) Or, check it out on Github. Thanks for reading! Post Tagged #6.148

After Effects Of The American Revolution - 2083 Words

After Effects of the American Revolution The American Revolution was a war where American Colonists fought the British Crown for their God given rights, life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. It was a war that slowly began in April of 1764, with the passing of the Sugar Act on American Colonies — which marked the end of the Salutary Neglect relationship that the colonists had with the British. Many colonists still believed they were a part of Britain, so paying taxes did not annoy them at first; however once they saw that more taxes such as the Stamp Quartering Act of 1765, were being placed on them without representation of their colonies and were being treated inferior to England towns, they began to rebel in small outbursts. In March 5, 1770, the Boston Massacre was spark that began the war — causing a rippling effect throughout the colonies and people, which created a variety of opportunities and consequences after the war. The American Colonists are the easie st in which to identify the changes that took place — with the end of the Revolutionary War, there came a lot of changes within the nation. There were political and economic changes, as well as changes in the way the colonists thought of themselves within the colonies. There were a lot more effects after the war that weren’t immediately noticeable, many still took several years before they were noted in history. Now that the British no longer had any sort of control over the American Colonies, theShow MoreRelatedThe American Revolution : The Revolutionary War And The Original Constitution1211 Words   |  5 PagesThe American Revolution is one of the most lauded and celebrated periods in the history of the United States. People revere the patriotic unity and radical changes employed by the Revolutionary War and the original Constitution. 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Physician Assisted Suicide Should Be Legal Essay - 1894 Words

There is either pain or unconsciousness, there is nothing in between. A person is either unconscious with absolutely no knowledge of existing or suffering intolerable pain, screaming until a person can no longer do anything more than whimper and beg for the medicine to send them back into oblivion. They can exist in this state for many months, but why must they or anyone else? Physician assisted suicide could help with that if it were legal. Physician Assisted Suicide needs to be legalized in states because a person should have the right to end their life if they will be in excruciating pain or a drug induced stupor for their remaining life. Physician Assisted Suicide is when a physician gives a terminally ill patient a prescription for a lethal dose of a medicine (â€Å"Physician Aid-in-Dying†). The the patient has the choice of whether or not to use this medicine because the physician does not administer the medicine. The technical definition of suicide is a notion of premature death that is being hastened out of despair (â€Å"Physician Aid-in-Dying†). When a patient is in the hospital feeling unbearable pain, they are definitely hastened by despair to kill themselves. The patient would like to end all of the physical pain they are in, their emotional pain from watching their loved ones cry over them, and the mental anguish of their family members. The first organization for the right-to-die was in Santa Monica, California. The man who was running it was named Derek Humphrey. FiveShow MoreRelatedShould Physician Assisted Suicide Be Legal?901 Words   |  4 PagesWhen society ponders over the idea of phy sician-assisted suicide, they most likely feel that the act itself would compare to murdering someone. Who really has the authority to say what is right or wrong when a loved one wants to end their life because of a terminal illness or a severe physical disability? 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Physician-assisted suicide regarding medical ethics states that a physician cannot legally give any patient a lethal injection to end their life, but they can take theRead MoreShould Physician Assisted Suicide Be Legal?761 Words   |  4 Pages We Should be in Favor of Physician-assisted Suicide In a momentous decision released February 6, 2015, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled that Physician-assisted suicide will be legal in Canada within 12 months. This deci-sion has caused a myriad of controversy. Opponents of physician-assisted suicide argue that the constitution recognizes the sanctity of life and no one has the right to end the life of another person’s. Supporters, on the other hand, argue that patients who experience constantRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide Should Be Legal935 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscusses the ethics of physician-assisted suicide. 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The History of Media Violence Free Essays

The history of media violence began in the 1950s when TV began dominating and major networks sought a simple successful formula to increase their revenues. Now an average of 150 acts of violence and about 15 murders entertain us and our children every week, and that does not count cartoons and news. ( Gerbner). We will write a custom essay sample on The History of Media Violence or any similar topic only for you Order Now By the age of 18, the average American child has witnessed at least 40,000 killings and 200,00 acts of violence according to the research of TV-Turnoff Network research. America’s children are being hurt. They are hurt when they are the victims or perpetrators  of mindless violence, illustrated and glorified by the media. They are hurt when they have become so dependent on rapid-fire, prefabricated visual effects that they can no longer conjure up their own images or dream their own dreams. (Dudley 36) It’s true that to some extent fictional violence can be useful in regaining the power and self esteem of a teenager. The positive effects occur when the media inform about violence in society and show the repercussions of a violent act, and thereby help in preventing crime. On the other hand, the media violence overkill remains most problematic and detrimental to public health and needs drastic measures to change. Violence in the media does increase the risk of viewers behaving aggressively, however it is only one possible negative effect of many. Without the proper care and support of parents, teenagers may turn into repressive, authoritarian adults and pass this aggressiveness and negativism onto the next generation. At first glance, immersing into a virtual violent world and enjoying the violent content of movies seem to be a shelter for many who feel insecure about themselves. Replaying some fictional violent patterns in their minds gives teenagers an opportunity to release some of their real-life fears and inform them about the mechanism of violence and justice. However, the existing violence overkill on TV and the video game industry do not contribute to the development of their emotional and moral intelligence and do not build their self-esteem. In the absence of parental love and involvement, the media creates a subversive reality that can only increase the level of aggressiveness in teenagers and their risk to adopt. How to cite The History of Media Violence, Papers

Spaghetti Westerns Essays - Film, Film Genres, Italian Films

Spaghetti Westerns Which is the cheesiest? The answer is pretty obvious, but let's take a close look. "Spaghetti Westerns," as their called, are a genre of western films, that have been created or filmed in Italy and are meant to portray the "Wild West" of America. "Macaroni Westerns," as I'll call them, make up the traditional western genre, made in the United States. Let's take a look at the similarities and differences of these genres, and at two films in particular that represent each genre; The Good the Bad and the Ugly(1966) and Rio Bravo(1959), which most critics will agree, are great examples of each genre. Let's start with the most obvious aspect that differs in the two genres. "Macaroni Westerns" are the cheesiest. These films have are pure cheese. I can barely sit through one of them. They have the typical characters; the hero(s), the bad guy(s), the fair maiden, and the quirky sidekick(s). These characters spout out cheesy lines, demonstrating how good or how bad they are, but they language always remains basically clean. In the Spaghetti Westerns, the language is a lot more diverse(lots of cussing). This is because each of these genres play to a different audience. The "Macaroni Westerns" are family films. They present right, wrong, and have many morals played out, such as, "no matter how many bad people are trying to kill you, you can take them all on if you wear a badge and talk like John Wayne." The "Macaroni Westerns" were typically family movies, because it was typical Hollywood(serving to the masses, whatever sells big). Violence, profanity, and not having blatantly evil and good characters, wasn't selling at the time, so we got "Macaroni." The "Spaghetti Westerns," on the other hand, were not trying to please everybody.(just the Italian roughnecks) Sure, these westerns took a lot from the traditional westerns, but they break away from the traditional "Macaroni Westerns" in many ways.(which we shall soon see) The "Spaghetti Westerns" play to a more liberal audience. They had a lot more creative liberty. Let's take a look at the aforementioned films in terms of plot, framing, editing, sound and cinematography. The plot in Rio Bravo is your typical American western. It is a "conflict between civilized order and the lawless frontier."(Bordwell/Thompson p.56) We have our heros and bad guys laid out before us in black and white. "Colorado" is the typical hero who tries to stay out of the conflict and then eventually sides with civilized order. "Dude" is another hero who fallows the same path. Our bad guys are made obvious from the early moments of the film by means of a murder. There isn't much to wonder about. In The Good the Bad and the Ugly, everything isn't laid out for us from the beginning. Our "good guy" isn't revealed till quite a ways into the film. In this film, we get a pretty good idea who the worst guy is, but we are left to constantly wonder where one of the main characters stands, or if he will eventually become "good." We are forced to study each character more as they develop, to know who they are. In Rio Bravo, you don't give it a second thought. Rio Bravo introduces the plot motivation at the very beginning. The bad guy is in jail, and the heros have to keep him there till the marshal arrives. In The Good the Bad and the Ugly, the motivation is revealed as the 200,000 dollars, but most of the characters don't know about it for half the film. This film seems to stretch things out like that. Now let's take a look at the framing. In Rio Bravo, the framing seems to be very simple. The main character is always in the center of the frame unless another character is coming into the frame. In The Good the Bad and the Ugly, there is much more use of set framing. Many scenes and sequences are framed through window, alleys and doorways. This type of framing seems to pull you into the film much more. It creates framing in the same way that we frame things in the real world. Also, in The Good the Bad and the Ugly, there are many more close ups than Rio Bravo, as well as many extreme close ups that let you catch small eye and facial movements. Next let's discuss editing. The Good the Bad and the Ugly have, in general, much longer shots than Rio Bravo does. These extremely long shots are put together

Top 12 Time-Wasters to Fight Back Blog at EssaySupply.com

Top 12 Time-Wasters to Fight Back Blog Top 12 Time-Wasters to Fight Back Do you feel you don’t have enough time? Are you sleeping less because otherwise you can’t fit everything you want to do in a day? Then it’s entirely possible you’re doing too much. It is just as likely, however, that you’re actually spending too much time on certain tasks. If you’d just learn to reduce the amount of time you spend on those tasks, you might find you can get that extra hour of sleep or get through your day without having to run everywhere. The best way to find out what you’re spending too much time on is to actually track what you’re doing. They’ve got apps for that now. Use one for a week or so to see where you’re investing too much time and then figure out if you can find ways to reduce how much time these things take. There are a bunch of ways to do so. Of course, you can try to use technology to do things faster. Alternatively, consider cutting down how often you do something. If you’re spending 20 minutes a day washing your hair, just going to every other day will save you two hours a week! Whatever way you use to find reduce how much time you spend on things, the first step is to find the things which are eating up all your time. So, with that thought in mind, here is an infographic with things a lot of people waste time on. Do you recognize these things? Then these are great places to start. Because the first step to solving a problem you have is recognizing that you have it and what it actually consists of. Only with that information can you take steps to change things and improve the quality of your life.

Omnivore Definition and Examples

Omnivore Definition and Examples An omnivore is an organism that eats both animals and plants. An animal with such a diet is said to be omnivorous. An omnivore that youre probably pretty familiar with are humans- most humans (other than those who dont get any nutrition from animal products because of medical or ethical reasons) are omnivores. The Term Omnivore The word omnivore comes from the Latin words omni- meaning all- and vorare- meaning devour, or swallow. Therefore, omnivore means devours all in Latin. This is pretty accurate, as omnivores can get their food from a variety of sources. Food sources can include algae, plants, fungi, and animals.  Animals may be omnivorous their entire lives or just at specific stages of life. Advantages and Disadvantages of Being an Omnivore Omnivores have the advantage of being able to find food in a variety of places. Therefore, if one prey source diminishes, they can fairly easily switch to another one.  Some omnivores are also scavengers, meaning they feed on dead animals or plants, which further increases their food options. They do have to find their food- omnivores either wait for their food to pass by them or need to actively seek it out.  Since they have such a general diet, their means of getting food is not as specialized as carnivores or herbivores. For example, carnivores have sharp teeth for ripping and gripping prey and herbivores have flatter teeth adapted for grinding.  Omnivores may have a mix of both kinds of teeth- think of our molars and incisors as an example. A disadvantage for other marine life is that marine omnivores may be more likely to invade non-native habitats. This has cascading effects on native species, which may be preyed-upon or displaced by the invading omnivore. An example of this is the Asian shore crab which is native to countries in the Northwest Pacific Ocean but was transported to Europe and the U.S. where it is out-competing native species for food and habitat. Examples of Marine Omnivores Below are some examples of marine omnivores: Many crab species (including blue, ghost and Asian shore crabs)Horseshoe crabsLobsters (e.g. American lobster, spiny lobster)Some sea turtles- like Olive ridley and flatback turtles- are omnivores. Green turtles are herbivores as adults, but omnivores as hatchlings. Loggerhead turtles are carnivores as adults but omnivores as hatchlingsCommon perwinkle: These small snails feed mostly on algae but may also eat small animals (like barnacle larvae)Some types of zooplanktonSharks are generally carnivores, although the whale shark and basking shark may be considered omnivores, as they are filter feeders that eat plankton. As they mow through the ocean with their enormous mouths open, the plankton they consume may include both plants and animals. Using that line of reasoning, mussels and barnacles may be considered omnivores, since they filter small organisms (which may contain both phytoplankton and zooplankton) from the water Omnivores and Trophic Levels In the marine (and terrestrial) world, there are producers and consumers. Producers (or autotrophs) are organisms that make their own food. These organisms include plants, algae, and some types of bacteria. Producers are at the base of a food chain.  Consumers (heterotrophs) are organisms that need to consume other organisms to survive. All animals, including omnivores, are consumers.   In a food chain, there are trophic levels, which are the feeding levels of animals and plants. The first trophic level includes the producers, because they produce the food that fuels the rest of the food chain. The second trophic level includes the herbivores, which eat producers.  The third trophic level includes omnivores and carnivores. References and Further Information: Chiras, D.D. 1993. Biology: The Web of Life. West Publishing Company.Harper, D. Omnivorous. Online Etymology Dictionary. Accessed September 29, 2015.National Geographic. Autotroph.  Accessed September 29, 2015.The Oceanic Society. What Do Sea Turtles Eat? SEETurtles.org. Accessed September 29, 2015.

Interview with a school princaple Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Interview with a school princaple - Essay Example It could be something as simple as the number of books a family has in their household or whether the parents are well off enough to play and stimulate their children. But we need a reality check. Is this true? Is this an all-abiding theory, which can explain differences in education results? The answer is that while it can occasionally provide some context, it is not really a theory and doesn’t tell us too much about the world. Some students have more opportunities than others, but there are many people from poorer background who succeed in everything they do. It is not a determining factor. That is part of the problem of social sciences is that they theories they propose are only ever contextual and not determinative. That is a shame. Sociology at its best tells us about ourselves and about the trends and demographics that are determining the shapes of our lives and how we should best respond to them. At its worst, sociology can be a sandbox in which different so-called scie ntists try to settle various political spats. This is much less interesting and important, but nevertheless often gets a lot of attention and research money. When we look at sociology and its possible impact on our lives we should try to do reality checks and expose phony and attention-getting theories so that we can focus on what is real. We need to focus on teaching in order to make a successful school. Supervision is key to making sure a school works well. In general, I try to cover a lot of ground in my school. I know the names of everyone on my staff and I try to be aware if any of them are having problems. The key, in my opinion, is to make sure that staff feel respected. It is not good to be watching their every move on camera. You need to give them room to be themselves. But also you must be vigilant. Generally, I get a good response from my staff on this subject. If I could change anything I would do my best to learn more

How Technology in the Workplace has shaped Outsourcing and Essay - 1

How Technology in the Workplace has shaped Outsourcing and Globalization - Essay Example ivilization or Christianity, but the real objective, according to Thurow & Lessard (2002), was to exploit the untapped resources of poorer countries so the richer countries can enhance their wealth. Probably because of this striking resemblance between colonization and latter-day globalization, analysts saw globalization coming as early as the mid-19th century. One of them was Karl Marx, who perforce warned of dire consequences: â€Å"It will make the poor poorer because it will bring down wages, increase class and country inequality, create monopolistic companies with global dimension and create economic collapse in places characterized by social, economic and political instability (Mahdavi, 2004).† Marx in his Das Kapital even expressed fear of â€Å"religious terrorism† as a possible reaction to the concept of globalization. These are exactly the same social concerns that many are raising to intersperse with the chorus of praise for the otherwise welcome benefits of technology as represented in today’s world by computers and the Internet. The questions that this paper seeks to satisfy are: Has any of Marx’s predictions come true? While technology is generally viewed as a good thing, are there any downsides to the resulting globalization that fostered business outsourcing? The information revolution as we know it traces its roots to the family computer that made video games possible. Then in mid-1970s, the electronic principle that made the family computer work was successfully expanded through a gadget that came to be known as personal computer. The personal computer with its subsequently developed Internet capability was soon hailed as a device that revolutionized information dissemination in a much bigger way than the telephone. Whereas the telephone established connection between only 2 or 3 nodes, the Internet allows simultaneous exchange of information in digital form among a limitless number of nodes. The economic impact of the

Overview Of Mergers And Acquisitions

Overview Of Mergers And Acquisitions The literature has observed and increasing investigation about MA in the las two decades Appelbaum et al., 2007 in response to a lot of MA activities along side with the complex situation that appear from the interaction of two parties (Gaughan, 2002). Definition of MA, in a broad sense, may be implied to many different type of transactions from alliences, purchase, cooperation, joint ventures, management buy-out nad buy-in, change of legal form and even restructuring (Picot, 2002, p.15). However, , Nakamura (2005) argues that using broad definitions could cause confusion and incorrectly comprehend everything from strategic alliances to pure mergers. Therefore, a narrower sense of MA definition is adopted as below. Merger is the creation of new holding company by combining of two firms (European Central Bank, 2000, Gaughan, 2002, Jagersma, 2005). Acquisition is purchasing shares or assets from another company in order broaden the influence of the management(European Central Bank, 200 0, Chunlai Chen and Findlay, 2003), when mutual agreement might not be necessary. Types of MA According to Nakamura (2005, p.18) Mergers are referred to as two types of merger by absorption or merger by establishment (Chunlai Chen and Findlay, 2003, Nakamura, 2005). The absorbing merger happens when one company buys all the stocks of another and the absorbed company stops from existing whereas Establishment merger happens when both firms merge to create a new one while the combined firms are dissolved (Chunlai Chen and Findlay, 2003). Moreover, Nakamura (2005) considered the merger by absorption as as de facto acquisition. Thus the term consolidation could also be used to refer to merger by an establishment (Gaughan, 2002). In acquisition, the acquiring company may try to acquire certain shares or assets of the target company. As a result, here are two type of acquisitions: Firstly, the assets acquisition (Chunlai Chen and Findlay, 2003) which occurs when a firm buys all or part of the target firms assets while the target firm stays as a legal entity after the process. Secondly, the share acquisition when a firm buys a significant share of stocks in the target firm which provides them managerial influence in the target company. Moreover, depending on the amount of acquired share of stocks then the acquisition is again classified into three types: (1) majority (50-99%), (2) minority (less than 50%) and (3) complete take over (100% of targets issued shares) (Chunlai Chen and Findlay, 2003, Nakamura, 2005). In fact, acquisitions and mergers are distinct with different outcomes regarding tax liabilities, legal obligations and acquisition procedures (Marren, 1993). However, there is not attempt to separate the acquisition transaction from the merger when speaking about the final outcomes when companies combine together. MA can be named Vertical, Horizontal o r Conglomerate (Gaughan, 2002, Chunlai Chen and Findlay, 2003). In horizontal mergers and acquisitions, the acquiring firms and the target firms are competing companies in the same field. Chunlai Chen and Findlay (2003) argues, because of the international restructuring of many industries, horizontal MA observed a rapid growth in recent years in response to liberalization and technological change. These figures are seen in industries like automobile, petroleum and pharmaceutical. A good example of mergers and acquisition in this category is the US76 Billion Dollars Merger between two enormous pharmaceutical companies, Smithkline Beecham and Glaxo (MANDA, 2007). Smithkline Beechams former CEO Jan Leschly, said, the aim of this transaction was RD synergy in order grab opportunities to drive high revenues since new technologies are emerging rapidly in this particular industry (Carey, 2000 in Harvard Business Review, 2001). However, the combination of companies in buyer-seller or client -supplier relationships is the Vertical merger and acquisition. Transaction cost and uncertainty is being reduced when the two involved firms downstream and upstream linkage within the value chain and to create benefits in the economic scope (Chunlai Chen and Findlay, 2003). Lastly, firms may try to reduce risks and achieve economies of scope by practicing conglomerate MA where the involving firms have different types of businesses. A good example is when General Foods in 1985 was acquired by Philip Morris for value of US5.6 Billion Dollars (Gaughan, 2002). Furthermore, Mergers and acquisitions can be called hostile or friendly'(Chunlai Chen and Findlay, 2003). The transaction is friendly when the board of executive of the target firm agrees to it. On the contrary, the transaction is considered hostile when it is done against the wishes of the target company board. Last but not least, MA can be also classified as cross-border or domestic with regards to where the involved firms are based or operate their work. In Domestic MA the involved companies come from the same country and operate within that same economical region or country. Accordingly, the cross-border MA are two companies are situated in different economies, or the two companies are working in the same economy but they belong to different countries (Chunlai Chen and Findlay, 2003). Appelbaum, S.H., Lefrancois, F., Tonna, R., and Shapiro, B.T., 2007. Mergers 101 (part two): training managers for culture, stress, and change challenges. Industrial and Commercial Training, 39 (4), 191-200 Gaughan, P. A., 2002. Mergers, Acquisitions, and Corporate restructuring. 3rd ed. New York: Picot, G., 2002. Handbook of international mergers and acquisitions: Preparation, Implementation and Integration Nakamura, H.R., 2005. Motives, Partner Selection and Productivity Effects of MAs: The Pattern of Japanese Mergers and Acquisition. Thesis (Ph.D.), Institute of International Business, Stockholm School of Economics. European Central Bank, 2000. Mergers and Acquisitions involving the EU Banking industry Facts and Implications [online]. Available at www.ecb.int/pub/pdf/other/eubkmergersen.pdf [Accessed 1 October 2007] Gaughan, P. A., 2002. Mergers, Acquisitions, and Corporate restructuring. 3rd ed. New York Jagersma, P. K., 2005. Cross-border acquisitions of European multinationals. Journal of General Management. 30 (3), 13-34 Chunlai Chen, Z., and Findlay, C., 2003. A Review of Cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions in APEC. Asian-Pacific Economic Literature, 17 (2), 14-38. Marren, H., 1993. Mergers and Acquisitions: a valuation handbook, Business One Irwin, Homewood, Illinois Institute of Mergers, Acquisitions and Alliances Research, 2007. Top Mergers Acquisitions (MA) Deals [online]. Available at http://www.mandainstitute.org/en/statistics-top-ma-deals-transactions.htm [Accessed 10 October 2007]. Investopedia ULD, [no date]. Advisor [online]. Available at http://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/advisor.asp. [Accessed 15 October 2007] Harvard Business Review, 2001. Harvard Business Review on Merger and Acquisition. U.S.A: Harvard Business school Publishing Corporation Motives and objectives of MA: Understanding the objectives of an MA can be shown in two perspective. These objectives are to fulfill managerial influence or to maximize the shareholders wealth. In the perspective of maximizing the shareholders wealth, the main target behind the transaction between the two companies is to create a maximization of wealth for the shareholders. This happens when the net current value of the investment is in a positive trend. Thus, the other managerial perspective of the MA can happen in order to maintain growth, risk diversification, use of previous skills and abilities and to avoid being taken over (Sudarsanam, 1995). The literature on MA has a significant effort in analyzing the motive behind its transaction. ON the other hand Trautwein (1990) and later Cox (2006) they made a good summary with different theories that you can see in the table below. The suggested motive under different theories, Trautwein (1990) mentioned that MA creators refer to value creation and the synergy in order to justify the MA action. Trautwein (1990) also mentioned that is little evidence found about the implied motive in both research and practice by the raider theory process. He also taped into the disturbance theory but it has no consideration for this dissertation as it is on macro-economic level rather that micro-economic. However, Gaughan (2002) explains MA motives in a more practical way by referring many theories supported with multiple case studies. So Gaughan has four main motive for the MA: MA is a mean for the companies to grow rapidly. Economic gains and return are hoped to be achieved by the MA firms Creating a large firm with the MA to gain a better market access which can promise lower capital cost and other financial benefits. Creating gains by applying a more superior managerial influence on the target business. Thus, it can be concluded that all the authors had common sense that motives can vary between different MA deals and it is difficult to simply justify with a singe theory or approach. Sudarsanam, S. (1995). The essence of mergers and acquisitions. Hemel Hampstead: Prentice hall Cox, R. A. K., 2006. Merger and Acquisition: A Review of the Literature. Corporate Ownership Control, Spring, 3 (3), 55-59 Trautwein, F., 1990. Merger Motives and Prescriptions. Strategic Management Journal, 11 (4), 283-295 Gaughan, P. A., 2002. Mergers, Acquisitions, and Corporate restructuring. 3rd ed. New York C:UsersJohabDesktopimage.png Challenges and problems of MA: According to Smith (2003),after analyzing many cases he argues that many MA s fail to achieve their objectives. Every firm has a unique culture, but there can be similar things between two firms depending on the company management, vision, size and objectives. However, when two firms will merge under one management, the organizational culture becomes a serious problem that needs to be dealt with. Challenges arise in MA from leadership,communication and cultural differences and not only from legal or financial problems. However, tremendous studies suggest that the success factors of MA mainly depend on culture. Moreover, managers should have awareness about the difference in culture between organizations and avoid the problems by maintaining good communication with the employees, stakeholders and customers (Dell et al. 2001, Kelly et al. 1999, Kearney 1999, Booz-Allen Hamilton 2001 inPautler 2003). Thus, many mergers fail during the integration process. This normally results due to cultural differences, management, strategy, lack of clear vision and communication delays (Nguyen, Kleiner 2003). So the challenges can be in three different parts: 1-Individuals: Whatever is the change in a company like routine or drastic like a merger, is always about the people(Todnem, 2005). The human factor in mergers and acquisitions in recognized as a very important base for it success (Boaten, 2006). The reason is that these individuals are the breathing and living organisms who bring life and prosperity into the company. They create the firms unique culture which is in its industry, management and nationality etc. Thus, this is a reason why persuading these people is very important to achieve the organizational goals and the desired synergy by the MA. Accordingly, Individual face many challenges during the MA. Some of the staged based on Fishers work the personal transition curve can be identified as follows. A-Fear of the unknown and anxiety: When the the short-term plans for the future are not clear, that brings anxiety for the employees which creates the fear of the unknown. Therefore, they will try to resist the change. B-Stress and threat leading to the depression: The lack of communication makes the individual feel lost and makes it impossible for them to understand their standing. Feeling ill or doing it as an excuse for a long absence from the company. Fear of the change and the involved uncertainty makes the employees feel threatened from the future and their job security. This even makes the employee look for different jobs instead of focusing on their own. Eventually the production goes down rapidly and the synergies start to dissolve. c-Integration and Acceptance: When the employees start accepting the facts and change gradually, integration takes place incrementally. Thus, through the process there will be increasing in the employee turnover which also causes a decrease in the intellectual capital and can lead to MA failure. 2-Lack of effective leadership: Starting from top level management to lower level employees, they all become worried about their job security. This can cause a decrease in the employee commitment to their job and the company they work for and reduced satisfaction at work which leads to a weak performance. The managers also lose their trust and start hesitating to take decisions. Lack of trust leads to isolation from other teams and managers. This leads to breakdowns in communications and creating more anxiety for the employees who need a good confidence and leadership from the executives. Moreover, the doubt in the managerial abilities leads to more resistance to any change that happens during the MA. 3-Cultural clash: As mentioned above, the culture is a very important aspect in any MA.the cultural differences in managerial system and values cause many problems for the employee to adapt successfully which result a culture clash. The culture problem is a phenomenon that created the bases of all the resistance Nguyen and Kleiner(2003) from the commitment problems, increasing turnover of the staff, company structure and reduces productivity which ultimately leads to the failure of the MA. Pautler, P.A. (2003) The Effects of Mergers and Post-Merger Integration: A Review of Business Consulting Literature, Bureau of Economics Federal Trade Commission Nguyen, H., Kleiner, B.H. (2003), The Effective Management of Mergers, Leadership Organisation Development Journal, 24(8), pp. 447-454 Todnem, R. (2005), Organisational Change Management: A Critical Review, Journal of Change Management, 5(4), pp. 369-380 Londros, G., Boateng, A. (2006) The role of culture in the merger and acquisition process. Evidence from the European chemical industry, Management Decision, 44(10), pp.1405-1421 Banal-Estanol, A., Seldeslachts, J. (2011) Merger Failures, Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, 20(2), p.589-624

Cross Halving Joint

Cross-halving jointOlly Starling Collect 2 pieces of wood, soft would be the best, both of equal sizes. Divide each piece of wood into 3 accurate segments using an accurate ruler, use a pencil to draw the face side and face edge. Next use a tri-square to mark the half way mark on the side edge of both pieces of the soft wood. Use a Stanley knife to make a deep cut on the two pencil marks on the face sides of the two pieces of wood making sure to use a ruler to guide the knife – we do this so that the saw cuts later are very accurate.You’ll know if this is right if you place one of the pieces on top of the other making sure you can only just see the lines from the width of the wood. Now use a gauge to accurately mark the pencil lines made on the face edge making they are visible from the eye. Then using the grooves made by the Stanley knife earlier cut down the pencil line of face edge with a Tenon saw, saw down till you get to the gauge line you made earlier on face edg e.Then collect a bevelled edged chisel and manually work through the wood peeling of and mm a time remember to only go half way so you can spin the wood round and get an accurate cut leave about a mm before the gauge line so we can accurately use a Granny’s Tooth or router as its commonly known to gently peel off the final mm. Now the two pieces should slot into each other and you’re done, it should look something like this. Tools used. Tenon saw Granny’s tooth Stanley knife Bevelled edge chisel Guage

The Vietnam War Essay - 1053 Words

What were the varying responses from the â€Å"Allied† troops subject to Vietnam? The responses from the allied troops were mainly of hatred for the very harsh yet beautiful environment and an ambiguous response to the Vietnamese people. It is understandable the grudge troops held against a gruesome environment shrouded with innumerable killings in an alien culture, but the brutal racial discrimination perpetrated by Americans was still very prejudicial. There were, however, acts of kindness and charity to Vietnamese, yet at the same time, these glimpses of humanity were overshadowed by the greater bloody conflict. The varying responses of the allies were clearly evident through well-known films, stories and writers. Vietnam’s ever†¦show more content†¦This stylistically surreal film (shot in the Philippines) depicts the beauty of Vietnam mixed with the madness of war. Coppola captures the relaxing white beaches with palm trees and rolling waves, just so he can jarringly contrast peaceful nature to the suffocating, death lurking everywhere. The scene of the GIs water skiing disrupting a passing peasant boat metaphorically shows that in fact the Americans are the out-of-control intruders. Claustrophobic alien jungle has become the hellish backdrop for the gruesome killing machinery of war as represented by the â€Å"insane† Colonel Walter E. Kurtz who constantly repeats the word, â€Å"horror,† as he has been blinded by the cruelty of war. In addition, this film is riddled with racial discrimination towards the Vietnamese with cruel comments such as, â€Å"We must kill them. We must incinerate them. Pig after pig. Cow after cow. Village after village. Army after army .† Also the stereotypes to Vietnamese as â€Å"slopes,† â€Å"gooks,† or, â€Å"fucking savages,† portrays the overall dehumanizing attitudes of the Americans developed in Vietnam. The merciless scene where the ‘grunts’ literally rip to shreds the Vietnamese peasants on a sampan also further shows total disregard or respect for Vietnamese as humans. The films most memorable scene of a swarm of attack helicopters riding out of an orange sunrise, with choppers loud speakers blaring out Wagners Ride of the Valkyries, shocks with the Americans careless disregard as a peaceful villageShow MoreRelatedThe War Of Vietnam And The Vietnam War1525 Words   |  7 PagesThe war in Vietnam is The United States and other capitalist bloc countries supported South Vietnam (Republic of Vietnam) against the support by the Soviet Union and other socialist bloc countries of North Vietnam (Democratic Republic of Vietnam) and the Vietcong of war. Which occurred du ring the Cold War of Vietnam (main battlefield), Laos, and Cambodia. This is the biggest and longtime war in American history during the 1960s (Best 2008). It is also the most significant war after World War IIRead MoreThe Vietnam War On Vietnam1725 Words   |  7 PagesThe War on Vietnam Many believe that the way Americans entered the war against the North Vietnam communists was unjust. The United States got into a war that they had no clue on how to win. â€Å"The Vietnam War was a long, costly armed conflict that pitted the communist regime of North Vietnam and its southern allies, known as the Viet Cong, against South Vietnam and its principal ally, the United States. The divisive war, increasingly unpopular at home, ended with the withdrawal of U.S. forces in 1973Read MoreThe Vietnam War : Vietnam1170 Words   |  5 PagesBeyond Vietnam. The Vietnam War is one of the most traumatic episodes in the history of the United States. Not only because it ended with a defeat for the United States Army, but because unleashed the largest wave of protests in the country, in which the government lost support. Extended over more than a decade, between 1959 to April 30 of 1975, although the US intervened in 1965, in which American soldiers experienced in firsthand scenes of destruction and death. During the Vietnam War clashedRead MoreThe Vietnam War Of Vietnam920 Words   |  4 Pages1940’s Vietnam was trying to break free of French reign over their country. During this time period Vietnam was split into two parts, north and south. The Japanese had decided to take over Vietnam in 1942. They couldn’t capture all of Vietnam, so they decided to retreat. North Vietnam proclaimed independence on September 2, 1945 as the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. The State of Vietnam declared independence on June 14, 1949, but rema ined under French rule until August 1, 1954. South Vietnam was theRead MoreVietnam And The Vietnam War1711 Words   |  7 Pages â€Æ' The Vietnam War was one of the bloodiest wars in the history of Vietnam. Vietnam use to be a peaceful country until the idea of communism started spreading across Vietnam. Many wanted to stay democratic but saw what happened to the Germans and started to lean towards communism. Many also wanted to stay democratic and still had it hopes high that it will soon get their lives and economy back on track. It later exploded into a huge argument and then leads to a civil war spurring between NorthRead MoreThe Vietnam War Of Vietnam952 Words   |  4 Pageswords that describe the Vietnam War. The Vietnam War had 240 days of combat in one year. World War II had forty days of combat in four years(Interesting Facts). That statistic shows how rough the Vietnam War was. The fighting was constant between the two sides. This war was fought over politics and had many gruesome battles. Before the Vietnam war, Vietnam was in a revolution because they did not want to be ruled by France. Vietnam wanted to be independent right after World War II ended in 1945. JapanRead MoreThe Vietnam War Of Vietnam1534 Words   |  7 Pages The Vietnam War began November 1st, 1955 and ended April 30th, 1975. It was a long costly war that involved North Vietnam and their Southern allies, known as Viet Cong, against South Vietnam and its main ally the United States. This war was very unpopular at home and would end with the withdrawal of the United States and the unification of Vietnam under communist control. Many think of war as something that just men are involved in but very rarely do people think of the role of women in the warRead MoreThe Vietnam War Of Vietnam1573 Words   |  7 PagesA. The Vietnam War occurred from 1955-1975, this included the North and South fighting over government structure of the newly independent state of Vietnam, having recently become independent f rom France. However, the USA was in Vietnam as a sort of protection for the South Vietnamese people, who had a weaker army force, but only a few thousand Americans were in Vietnam for that purpose at the time. On August 7, 1964, the USA entered the war for the purpose of fighting the North Vietnamese due toRead MoreThe Vietnam War Of Vietnam2003 Words   |  9 PagesThe Vietnam War in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia lasted from November 1st, 1955 to around April 30th, 1975. The war was split up between two sides, North Vietnam, who were allied with the Soviet Union, China, and most of the communist countries during this time period, and South Vietnam, who were allied with the United States and many countries that were against the belief of Communism. Although the United States did not necessarily have to get involved in the war, they believed that they had too soRead MoreVietnam And The Vietnam War1987 Words   |  8 PagesIn 1945, at the end of WWII, Vietnam started their war for ind ependence against their colonial rulers, France. Nine years after the start of the First Indochina War, the French were defeated at Dien Bien Phu which led to a peace conference in Geneva. At the conference, Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam received their independence from France. However, Vietnam was divided between a Communist North and a Democratic South. In 1958, Communist- supported guerrillas in South Vietnam, known as the Viet Cong, began

Christopher Columbus Was a Murderer Essay examples

Christopher Columbus Was a Murderer The second Monday in October is celebrated across America as Columbus Day. It is a celebration of the man who discovered America. In school, children are taught that Christopher Columbus was a national hero. In actuality, the man was a murderer. It is true that he found a land that was unknown to the civilized world, yet in this discovery, he erased the natives inhabiting the land. With slavery, warfare, and inhumane acts, Christopher Columbus and the men who accompanied him completely destroyed a people, a culture, and a land. These are not actions that should be heralded as heroic. When his thoughts and actions throughout his voyages are considered, one can see that Columbus was never†¦show more content†¦He simply took over these lands, even going so far as to rename them all. In order to let everyone know of his great discovery, he returned to Spain with many new items, including kidnapped Indians (Fernandez-Armesto 89). He was attempting to glorify Spain and its monarchs while creating fame for himself. Columbuss arrogance and exploitation regarding slavery began on his second voyage. Ferdinand and Isabella had ordered that the natives be treated kindly. In opposition to this order, Columbus began exporting slaves in great numbers in 1494. It was because he was not making any real profit elsewhere on the island that he decided to exploit the one source of income--people--he had in abundance (Fernandez-Armesto 107). When word reached him that the crown did not want him sending more slaves, Columbus ignored it. He was desperate to make his expeditions profitable enough for Ferdinand and Isabellas continued support. Evidently he was not reprimanded because thousands of Indians were exported. By the time they reached Spain, usually a third of them were dead. Bartolome de las Casas wrote that one Spaniard had told him they did not need a compass to find their way back to Spain; they could simply follow the bodies of floating Indians who had been tossed overboard when they died (17). It is horrible to consider that the exportation of these natives resultedShow MoreRelatedArgumentative Essay On Columbus Day1400 Words   |  6 PagesOctober 3rd, 2017 Columbus Day: Celebrating Genocide, Rape, and Enslavement Since 1492 Columbus Day! The second Monday in October. A day celebrating Christopher Columbus, which everyone rejoices because no work! A cherished day off. However, keep in mind what we are celebrating on this day. The man who this day honors, celebrates, glorifies, is no hero. He did not discover America. He was not, in any way, a person who should be respected or honored. 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He said Native Americans would make fine servants. With the fifty men we could subjugate them all and make them do whatever he wanted and or needed. Columbus sailed the ocean blue in 1492, but he isn’t as good of aRead MorePlagiarism : Playing With Fire Essay1523 Words   |  7 PagesDr. Grubic Comp and Rhet. 23 October 2016 Plagiarism: Playing with Fire Accuracy is one of the main aspects that makes people take information seriously. Without accuracy one will never know the truth. Some teachers can go from saying Christopher Columbus did not find America to saying he found America and raped and killed numerous of Indian women. Or some people may state that the President does not have executive powers to instead declaring the President s ability to bypass congress. AnotherRead MoreMovie Analysis of Columbus: The Discovery1375 Words   |  6 PagesColumbus: The Discovery (1992) was a box office failure, mocked and lampooned by the critics as being an unintended comedy and the producer Alexander Salkind was sued for fraud, racketeering and breach of contract. Marlin Brando, the films only real star, also threatened to sue and remove his name from the project because he objected to the way the Carib Indians were portrayed. Few people saw the movie at the time and it is deservedly forgotten today. Almost nothing about the movie or its portrayalRead MoreColumbus Day Should No Longer Be A National Holiday1374 Words   |  6 PagesOliver is correct when he asserts that Columbus Day should no longer be a national holiday. Columbus Day is the day we celebrate when Christopher Columbus landed in the New World. 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